Battle of Guilford Court House in the American Revolution

Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1744 Words

Beauty is often the most lethal poison. It intoxicates both the beholder and the beheld. Humans are raised into a society that instills certain standards of elegance and beauty. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the woes and misery of the monster is brought to the readers’ attention as humans constantly berate and abuse the creature for it’s hideous body. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein discusses the advantages and the detriments that an alluring versus unappealing body provides a person, and how that person is affected due to the pressures and assumptions of society placed upon their shoulders. Mary Shelley may have been amongst the first to examine the concept of beauty and the advantages it provides. She insinuates that the conformity of the ideals of beauty place shackles, and struggles upon those who do not fit into such standards. As journalist Kate Fox stated, â€Å"Every period of history has had its own standards of what is and is not beautiful, and ev ery contemporary society has its own distinctive concept of the ideal physical attributes† (Mirror Mirror). Although the standards of beauty have fluctuated over various eras, Mary Shelley confronted many concepts of beauty in her novel, Frankenstein. According to Face Research, one reoccurring standard of beauty is symmetry, as â€Å"...Evolutionary Advantage view suggests that attraction to symmetric individuals reflects attraction to healthy individuals...† This suggests that facial symmetry and human perception of beautyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose author s like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenment, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1615 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole and how accurate a depiction they might think it to be, they will miss out on many of the qualities of the painting that reside below the immediately apparent surface level. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a text dedicated to expounding upon the dangers of such superficial analysis. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley openly condemns the surface level and appearance oriented methodology under which the human mind operates. The very protagonist of the novel is inspired solely by reputation and howRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanityRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Frankenstein1410 Words   |  6 Pagescompassion and sympathy through the love of a person whom cares very deeply about them. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the three main characters Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and Frankenstein (The Monster) are shown throughout the story, longing and in search for a companion. Throughout the story, the characters struggle with the battle of wanting either sympathy or compassion from a person or both. Mary Shelley shows the true indication of Human Nature by showing the importance of sympathy andRead MoreAnalysis of Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 Pagesalive. If it can learn, eventually speak, or came about because of another, it’s a person. The Creature of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is no exception. Victor’s creation needs nourishment, education, and morals, which should be provided by it’s creator, it’s parent, just like any other child. The way that needs of an individual are met shapes the outcome of their life. In her novel, Shelley demonstrates this impact that parents have on their child’s life through the contrasting upbringing of VictorRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1701 Words   |  7 Pages Frankenstein is a novel that is practically devoid of any female presence, yet author Mary Shelley pens a story that is lush with portrayals of feminine ideology. Throughout the course of this novel, the audience is introduced to three different female characters. The first is Elizabeth Lavenza— Victor Frankenstein’s wife. She is presented as a passive and weak woman who embodies the traditional role of women in the 19th century. Caroline Beaufort is present in the novel, but her role is limitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1038 Words   |  5 PagesAlexi Torres English III Dr. W.W. Allman December 1, 2015 Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, she shows that good people can turn evil, but are not born this way. Humans being rude and isolating someone can make a person go insane and do things they are not proud of. Shelley shows this through the creature that Frankenstein creates and gives examples showing his evilness, but also shows that the creature tries to explain many times that he wants a friend and cannot find one becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1088 Words   |  5 PagesCreature’s Argument In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the Creature s only need is for a female companion, which he asks Victor Frankenstein his maker to create. Shelley shows the argument between the creature and Frankenstein. The creature says: I demand a creature of another sex, but as hideous as myself (Shelley 139). Shelley shows what the creature wants from Frankenstein and what his needs are. Shelley gives us an idea of the sympathy that Frankenstein might feel for the creature evenRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wretch Frankenstein is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about a peculiar scientist named Victor Frankenstein. Victor, who is a scientist endeavoring to make history, engenders a monstrous but attentive creature in an eccentric scientific experiment. The monster that he engenders faces abnegation and fear from his creator and society. The monster is the worst kind of scientific experiment gone awry. The creature has compassion for society but additionally wants to take revenge on

Bible Versus the Toran - 12356 Words

Name: Sandra R. Gibson Student I.D.: 0405713 Course: REL-275-OL Date: 9/3/2011 Final Project TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION PAGE 1 II. AUTHORSHIP OF THE BIBLE PAGE 2 - 9 III. THE BIBLE PAGE 10 - 18 IV. AUTHORSHIP OF THE QURAN PAGE 19 V. THE QURAN PAGE 20 - 23 VI. THE BIBLE COMPARED TO QURAN PAGE 24-28 VII. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM COMPARED TO THE TEN PAGE 29-34 COMMANDMENTS VIII. COMPARING THE LIFE OF TWO AFRO-AMERICANS (1) MALCOM X - ISLAMIC†¦show more content†¦History of Judah only. (THE NEXT 3 BOOKS DEAL WITH ISRAELS RESTORATION) 10. EZRA - Cyrus let most of the Jews return to their land of Israel. Zerubbabel led the people (539 B.C.). Ezra returned later with more Jews (458 B.C.) built the temple. 11. NEHEMIAH - Building the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah got permission from the King of Persia to rebuild the walls (444 B.C.). Revival in the land. 12. ESTHER - Took place during chapters 6 and 7 of Ezra. Mordecai. Plot to kill the Jewish people. C. POETICAL - 5 BOOKS 1. JOB - A righteous man tested by God. Deals with Gods sovereignty. 2. PSALMS - Consists of 5 divisions. Worship in song. Large variety of subjects. 3. PROVERBS - Practical wisdom in everyday affairs. 4. ECCLESIASTES - All is vanity. The wisdom of man is futility. 5. SONG OF SOLOMON - A song between Solomon and his Shulammite bride, displaying the love between a man and a woman. (5) D. PROPHETICAL - 17 BOOKS (MAJOR PROPHETS - 5 BOOKS) 1. ISAIAH - Looks at the sin of Juddah and proclaims Gods judgement. 2. JEREMIAH - Called by God to proclaim the news of judgement to Judah, which came. God establishes a new covenant. 3. LAMENTATIONS - 5 lament poems. Description of defeat and fall of Jerusalem 4. EZEKIEL - He ministered to the Jews in captivity in Babylon. Description of the end of times. 5. DANIEL - Many visions of the future for the Gentiles and the Jews. (MINOR PROPHETS - 12 BOOKS) 1. HOSEA - Story of

Racism against Aboriginal Australians

Question: Discuss about theRacism against Aboriginal Australians. Answer: Introduction: The effect of colonization on the Australian aboriginals is much similar than any other colonies. Racism on the aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander has its origin dated back to 1788 (Bolton, 2015). With the invasion of the Europeans, the Australian aboriginal people faced discrimination regarding their physical trait. However, it has not such a simple issue. As discussed by Forrest and Dunn (2013), racism arose with the capitalist economic system which concentrated the ownership of productive resources, such as land and equipment, in the hands of a minority, the capitalist class. Thus, with a discriminatory attitude the European colonizers deprived the natives of the nation from economic and social loves. Discussion: In Australia, like all other colonized countries, the Europeans made the aboriginals believe that they are inferior in every stature of life, and enforced Christianity upon them, by considering the aboriginal faith as primitive. As discussed by Cunningham and Paradies (2013), the Europeans brought into the curse of racism upon the Australians, which they are failing to deny until today. From depriving them from using their own land, denying their human rights, putting them for human researches to modern discriminatory attitude and denial of their human dignity, Australia is continuously establishing itself as a racist country. In Australia, the aboriginal people face the instructional discriminations in the workplaces and other economic rights. As opined by Kelaher, Ferdinand and Paradies (2014), in the modern Australia, the aboriginals, and the Torres Strait Islanders suffer dispossession and restriction on the land rights. It has its history dated back to the discrimination maintained by the colonisers. In the modern days, they often face racism or discriminatory attitude while entering a registered club or even an educational organization and in employability. In the workplace, they face discrimination regarding their position, salary, and even workers rights (Cunningham Paradies, 2013). Even the governmental protection policies denied many rights to the indigenous people. On the personal level, the aboriginal people often become the sufferer of psychological discrimination. According to the research of Beyondblue, almost 1,000 non-Indigenous Australians believe that the indigenous Australians are given unfair advantages by the government (Beyondblue, 2016). The same research has explored that more than a third believed they 'are sometimes a bit lazy' and many think it's acceptable to discriminate (Beyondblue, 2016). This is a frightening status for a civic society. Such a mindset automatically drives to physical aggression upon the aboriginals. On the other hand, as mentioned by Cunningham and Paradies (2013), the legal guidelines may have reduced the cases of discrimination, but the popular culture carefully maintains a legacy of racial discrimination. According to Bodkin-Andrews and Carlson (2013), racial jokes involving the aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander are quite popular in Australia. This discriminatory attitude directs the state and the aboriginals face an alarming situation. According to Kelaher, Ferdinand and Paradies (2014), the most grave issue that the state is facing is a significantly low level of education and health status of the 2.4% of the population of the country. As mentioned by Bodkin-Andrews and Carlson (2013), the life expectancy of the Torres Strait Islanders is 59 years whereas the rest are enjoying 77 years on average. Moreover, the economic isolation for more than 220 years has led them experience devastation of their kinship, culture and even language. In addition to this, according to Forrest and Dunn (2013), indigenous people are more likely to go to the prison than the non-indigenous. The rate of suicide is also six times higher among the aboriginals compared to non-aboriginals. With the laws like Anti-Discrimination Act (1977), Equal Opportunity Act (1984), Racial and Religious Tolerance Act (2001) etc. the state and the regional governments have tried to provide protection and upliftment to the aboriginal people for denying this abhorrent impact of colonization in Australia (Bolton, 2015). However, the deep-rooted racist mentality and a legacy of colonial discrimination are hindering the way of its success. Conclusion: Hence, it can be conceded that the aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders are being the victims of racial discrimination even in this post-colonization era. The governmental and international initiatives may have reduced the number of reported cases but, the discriminatory attitude is still running through the veins if the non-aboriginals. Even being the oldest habitants, they were denied of the fundamental rights of a citizen. Today there are a number of laws protecting them from discrimination, but they are not being sufficient for protecting the rights of these people. With a history of oppression and hellish attitude towards them, the modern Australia is suffering from failure on redirecting its attitude towards equality and social justice. References: Beyondblue. (2016). Beyondblue.org.au. Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.beyondblue.org.au Bodkin-Andrews, G., Carlson, B. (2013). Racism, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Identities, and higher education: reviewing the burden of epistemological and other racisms. Diversity in Higher Education, 14, 29-54. Bolton, S. (2015). Fighting the new racism. Green Left Weekly, (1053), 4. Cunningham, J., Paradies, Y. C. (2013). Patterns and correlates of self-reported racial discrimination among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, 200809: analysis of national survey data. International journal for equity in health, 12(1), 1. Forrest, J., Dunn, K. (2013). Cultural diversity, racialisation and the experience of racism in rural Australia: the South Australian case. Journal of Rural Studies, 30, 1-9. Kelaher, M., Ferdinand, A., Paradies, Y. (2014). Experiencing racism in health care: the mental health impacts for Victorian Aboriginal communities.Med J Aust, 201(1), 1-4.

Trump Election on the Australian Mining Industry - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTrump Election on the Australian Mining Industry. Answer: In November 2016, the US voted in Donald Trump as their president-elect. This brought in many expectations the world over. The effects of Trumps election could have an impact on the mining industry in Australia bearing in mind that Australia is a major trade partner with the US. Trade between the two countries has benefited Australia tremendously because it has opened the market for Australian products. Australia is now able to sell more of its products in the US and as well get better goods from the US. International trade has been instrumental in earning foreign exchange that assists the Australian dollar to be stable in the international market. Trade between these two countries was made easy when the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) was put in place in January 2005(Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade., 2006). This agreement offers Australia the chance to trade with the US and hence opening up bigger opportunities for Australian products to reach the worlds largest market in terms of consumption. The AUSFTA draws the attention of the US to Australia as an attractive innovative and an important global partner to the US. It is characterised by reduced tariffs, increased quotas, and easing of some of the market restrictions that were initially imposed between these two countries. Therefore, changes in the US due to the Tump presidency will also affect how industries in Australia operate. Australia has a vast wealth in mineral deposits making it one of the worlds major producers of mineral products. These products include copper, gold, aluminium, iron, zinc, coal, and mineral sands. In addition to the direct production and exportation of minerals and ore, Australia plays a major role in the development of mining services, equipment and technology. The Australian mining industry is one of the major industries in the economy contributing about 6-7% of the GDP. It generates about 54% of the total goods and services produced each year. Over 200,000 people are employed directly in the industry with another 600,000 indirectly in support industries. Being one of the major players in the economy, changes in the US will directly or indirectly influence the way the industry will operate. Before ascending to the presidency, Donald Trump was an investor and entrepreneur who always advocates for low-interest rates. During the time that he has become president, he has doubled down on his low-interest rate policy arguing that higher interest rates are a disaster to the economy. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal, he favoured low-interest rates in a bid to keep the US dollar down (Gerard Baker, 2017). Interest rates are a monetary policy tool. They are usually set by the central bank of an economy so as to control the levels of unemployment and inflation. Changes in the monetary policy will affect both the prices and income aspects of the economy. These form the income and substitution effects(Abel, et al., 2015). Trumps administration advocates for an expansionary monetary policy, which involves increasing liquidity in the US economy by lowering the real interest rates. As the real interest rates are reduced, domestic financial and capital assets will earn lower returns hence investors will shy away from putting their money in them. Domestic investors in the US will shift to invest in other foreign countries. This is where the Australian mining industry could benefit from foreign direct investments. Companies such as Whitehaven Coal and Rio Tinto that are listed in the stock market will end up getting investors from the US. Furthermore, reduction in domestic investment in the US by both the citizens and foreigners will reduce the demand for the US dollar and increase the demand for the Australian dollar. This will ease the exchange rate between the two currencies and improve the balance of payment. Australian mineral exports to the US will become relatively more expensive compared to the other commodities imported from the US. This has the net effect of improving Australias balance of trade in relation to the US. Trump administrations stance on an easy expansionary monetary policy means that will be more economic activity in the US economy due to increased liquidity. Low-interest rates associated with an expansionary monetary policy tends to increase GDP of the US economy that will, in turn, increase the demand for imports into the US. Bilateral trade between the US and Australia will make it easy to export mineral products such as iron and aluminium ores that have demand in the US. The increase in export of mineral products to the US will necessitate the exchange of US dollars to Australian dollars used in the purchase of Australian exports. This implies that there will be an increased demand for the Australian dollar and the exchange rate for the US dollar will reduce. In summary, Trump's election as the US president may work for to better the Australian mining industry and the economy of Australia in general. This will remain so if the administration and the Federal Reserve Bank of America keep favouring the expansionary monetary policy that President Trump advocates for. References ABEL, A. B., BERNANKE, B., CROUSHORE, D. D. (2017).Macroeconomics. AUSTRALIA. (2006).AUSFTA in action: the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) : fast facts. Canberra, Dept of Foreign Affairs and Trade. DORNBUSCH, R., FISCHER, S., STARTZ, R. (2014).Macroeconomics. New York, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Gerard Baker, C. (2017).Trump Says Dollar Getting Too Strong, Wont Label China a Currency Manipulator. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-dollar-getting-too-strong-wont-label-china-currency-manipulator-1492024312 [Accessed 23 May 2017]. Hankin, A. (2017).President Trump's Many Stances on Monetary Policy. [online] Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/news/president-trumps-many-stances-monetary-policy/ [Accessed 23 May 2017]. HESTER, D. D. (2008).The evolution of monetary policy and banking in the US. Berlin, Springer.

On the Correct Way to Translate Leonardo Bruni States That ‘’ the Words Are One Thing, the Sense Is Another’’. Discuss Essay Example

On the Correct Way to Translate Leonardo Bruni States That ‘’ the Words Are One Thing, the Sense Is Another’’. Discuss Essay Back in 1424 Leonardo Bruni stated that ‘’†¦the words mean one thing, the sense is another ’’ (Robinson, 2002 : 58) but he has not been the first one who argued that the literal translation rarely worked. In fact, the dichotomy between word-for-word and sense-for-sense translation has existed for milleniums. Cicero and Horace were the first theorists who made a difference between the two approaches back in the first century BC and nowadays the widest spread one is the sense-for-sense translation because it is the best way to preserve the meaning of the original which is what translation is all about. Alas, the sense-for-sense translation is not an easy task. If language were simply a nomenclature for a set of universal concepts, it would be easy to translate from one language to another. One would simply replace the French name with the English one. If language were like this the task of learning a new language would be much easier than it is. But anyone who has attempted either of these tasks has acquired, alas, a vast amount of direct proof that languages are not nomenclatures, that the concepts of one language may differ radically from those of another. (qtd. n Baker, 1992 :10) But what exactly does a translation mean? The authors of The Oxford Dictionary of English (Second Edition) have defined it rather simply: ‘’a written or spoken rendering of the meaning of a word or text in another language’’. I do not agree with this definition simply because I believe that a good translation is a complex process, consisting of rendering ‘’†¦ one sentence rather than one word at a time’’(Baker, 2000 : 88). Being the smallest units of speech, words usually have several meanings which often depend on the other words within the sentence or even the text. We will write a custom essay sample on On the Correct Way to Translate Leonardo Bruni States That ‘’ the Words Are One Thing, the Sense Is Another’’. Discuss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on On the Correct Way to Translate Leonardo Bruni States That ‘’ the Words Are One Thing, the Sense Is Another’’. Discuss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on On the Correct Way to Translate Leonardo Bruni States That ‘’ the Words Are One Thing, the Sense Is Another’’. Discuss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, it is essential the translator to think of the sentence as one unit and not to translate literally. The whole conception of translation revolves around two main points – meaning and style. Leonardo Bruni argues that the original style of the source text is something that should be always taken into account. The translator should do his best to try to preserve its figures of speech and its rhythmical character, in order to keep the original’s majesty, polish and elegance and to render a beautiful text that does not lack meaning but is free of translationese. (Robinson, 2002 : 59,60) The problem with the literal translation is that it often does not render the original meaning of the author correctly. Words and sense do not go hand in hand sometimes. As Bruni states, they mean one thing but the sense means another or even the oppposite( Robinson, 2002 : 58). ‘’ Literal translation, too bound to the single word can only rarely reproduce the sense or meaning. In addition, even the most free translation cannot capture that what is there but not communicable, i. e. , the essence, because it moves away too far from the word, and the word is still the basis of the translation’’ (Barbe, 1996: 332). Whenever it is possible the translator should stick to the literal translation of the word, so that he preserves his original intention but he still needs to avoid translationese at any cost. Bruni argues that the word-for-word translation is due to the ignorence of the translators. In his view ‘’ the whole essence of translation is to transfer correctly what is written from one language into another. But no one can do this correctly who has not wide and exstensive knowledge fo the language’’(Robinson, 2002 : 58). A century later, Etienne Dolet also makes this clear in his The Correct Way to Translate Well From One Language Into Another. In his four rules of translating well he observes that ‘’†¦ in translating one must not be servile to the point of rendering word for word. If he does that, he is proceeding from poverty or lack of wisdom’’(Robinson, 2002:96). I completely agree with this point of view because I know how easy it is to get lost in translation or to convey the wrong meaning when one is not familiar with the language, its fixed expressions , proverbs and even the cultural differences . For instance, a beginner student of English as a foreign language perhaps would not translate the expression to get pissed literally as in ‘’ I’m going to the pub to get pissed’’. But even if one is not so fluent in the foreign language he could still figure out the actual meaning of the expression thanks to the cohesion and the coherence of the source language text, as ‘’†¦the meaning of the word often depends on what other words it occurs with’’(Baker,1992, pp. 63). Unfortunately, this does not apply some other figures of speech, such as the idioms. The idioms are an essential part of many literary texts. They form its identity and allow the author express himself with fewer words but at the same to sound smarter. However, as Leonardo Bruni states in On the Correct Way to translate, they can be rather tricky for translators who do not have a profound knowledge of the foreign language(Robinson, 2002:58). For example if ‘’a blessing in disguise’’ or ‘’ every cloud has a silver lining’’ were to be translated word for word in any language they would not make any sense, the translation would sound ridiculous and even worse, it could lower the author’s prestige. Another problem could arise if the translator cannot figure out the correct meaning of the idiom or does not succeed to find the equivalent in the target language. That is why it is so important the translator to be fully proficient in the language or, as Baker observes, in case he is translating from his mother tongue into a foreign language, he should possess near native fluency (1992:64). But Leonardo Bruni argues that being a good translator is not just about possessing a near native fluency of the foreign language. Robinson, 2002:58). ’’ Not even that is enough. There are many man who have the capacity to understand an activity , though they cannot themselves exercise it. Many persons, for instance, appreciate painting who cannot themselves paint, and many understand the art of music without themselves being able to sing’’. Metaphors are another figure of speech that could cause problems. In Christian Papas’ view, ‘’ †¦metapho rs†¦ are a way of thinking intended to impress the reader and to add some wit to an expression’’(2007 : 123). He argues that they lose their brilliance when they have been translated from one language into another. That is due to the cultural differences between the countries. That is why the translator needs to take into account not just the meaning of the word but its emotional charge which may vary from country to country. The literal translation sometimes works but not always. For instance a word-for-word translation for a black sheep would work perfectly fine into Bulgarian but it would not for a cheeky monkey. Therefore, not only does the translator need to possess a profound knowledge in the target language, but also ability to interpret the cultural awareness of the foreign nation precisely because different people perceive things in a different way, especially those from different countries and cultural backgrounds. In conclusion, I would like to point out that translation might seem an easy task to many people who are not familiar with any foreign language and its properties. They might think that if one has a perfect grasp of the foreign language he is a translator by default. It is therefore reasonable to say that a good translation is not such an easy task. If it was, it would have been carried out by computers. Nowadays, it involves much more than a literal rendering of foreign words. It is all about the sense. Bibliographical references Baker, M. (1992) In other words: a coursebook on translation, Oxon, Routledge Baker, M. (2000) Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, London, Routledge Barbe, K. 1996) The Dichotomy Free and Literal Translation, Meta :Translators Journal Vol. 41, n3 Culer, J. (1976) Saussure, see M. Baker Dolet, E. (1540) The Correct Way to Translate Well From One Language Into Another, see Douglas Robinson Bruni, L. ( 1424/26) On the Correct Way of Translating, see Douglas Robinson Papas, C. (2007) La traduction des metaphores au regard de la psychologie cognitive, Meta:Translators Journal Vol. 52, n1 Robinson, D. (1997) Western Translation Theory, Manchester, St. Jerome Publishing 2 2

102 Intro to Monster Theory Professor Ramos Blog

102 Intro to Monster Theory Quick Write Quick Write What is a Monster? Define the term monster in your own words. You definition should be a brief paragraph that explains what a monster is. Make sure to include the physical and behavioral characteristics. mon ·ster  noun 1. an imaginary creature that is typically large, ugly, and frightening. Introduction We are going to be starting the second and final unit of the course, Monsters. We will read, write, and think critically about monsters of many kinds. Monsters and Monstrosity will provide us the opportunity to learn about a phenomenon that stretches across multiple cultures and time periods. Monsters will also give you a better understanding of both cultural history and the world today. Monsters are all around us. In the movies we watch, the books we write, and in every aspect of life. Monsters are fear inducing. But monsters are also cuddly like Sully, Cookie Monster, and The Count on Sesame Street. Monsters have always been symbolic creatures, generally representing darkness and evil. The villain for the hero to vanquish. The Latin word monstrum refers to both a monster and a sign that something momentous or calamitous is likely to happen. Why Monsters? â€Å"What I will propose here by way of a first foray, as entrance into this book of monstrous content, is a sketch of a new modus legendi: a method of reading cultures from the monsters they engender† (Cohen 3). The theses are tools for us to use to analyze monster, in the cultural studies sense. The monsters the cultures produce say a lot about that culture. We create monsters that evolve over time, sometimes purposely for whatever reason. Monster Culture (Seven Theses) Our purpose for today is to understand the seven theses on Monsters and Monstrosity and to develop a good resources that will help us to remember and use the theses in our writing. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen – Monster Culture (Seven Theses)  (p. 3-20) We read Cohen’s Monster Culture: Seven Theses for today. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen argues that we can read â€Å"cultures from the monsters they engender† (3). This is chapter one of his book  Monster Theory: Reading Culture.   From the editor/author’s website: We live in a time of monsters. Monsters provide a key to understanding the culture that spawned them. So argue the essays in this wide-ranging and fascinating collection that asks the question, What happens when critical theorists take the study of monsters seriously as a means of examining our culture? In viewing the monstrous body as a metaphor for the cultural body, the contributors to Monster Theory consider beasts, demons, freaks, and fiends as symbolic expressions of cultural unease that pervade a society and shape its collective behavior. Through a historical sampling of monsters, these essays argue that our fascination for the monstrous testifies to our continued desire to explore difference and prohibition.  JeffreyJeromeCohen.com Monster Theory Thesis I. The Monster’s Body Is a Cultural Body (4) Thesis II. The Monster Always Escapes (4) Thesis III. The Monster Is the Harbinger of Category Crisis (6) Thesis IV. The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference (7) Thesis V. The Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible (12) Thesis VI. Fear of the Monster Is Really a Kind of Desire (16) Thesis VII. The Monster Stands at the Threshold . . . of Becoming (20) In groups, develop a list of the important points, lessons, takeaways, and examples that we need to understand in order to understand the thesis. Write a short summary explaining the points of the thesis. Make sure you label which thesis you are writing about. This is very important because we will be using monster theory to write the last two essays in the course. The better we understand the theory, the better we will be able to apply it. Monster Thesis 1: The Monster’s Body is a Cultural Body Each culture will produce their own monsters and their own versions of monsters. â€Å"The monstrous body is pure culture† (4).