Impact of Globalization on Economic Development Essay - 2475 Words

Impact of Globalization on Economic Development (Essay Sample) Content: Heading: HRMYour name:Course name:Professors name:DatePart 1: Answer to Question 1Globalization has influenced international relations and transformed the way various economies operate and perform in the present days multilateral trade. It has made the world into the so called a global village with the integration of modern information technology and communication. The other aspect of globalization apart from information technology is the formation of international trade organizations such as UNTAD and COMESA. As globalization influences the state of international relations, it causes movement of world population from one country to another, thus causes unique pattern of human resource composition in different countries.This study specifically discusses the impacts of globalization in relation to China and the resultant effect on human resource and employment relations. China has been classified among the world economic drivers as the most populated country in the wor ld, followed by India (Taylor et al 2003, p. 18). At the same time, China has had a large number of their citizens traversing the other parts of the world as expatriates in medical institutions, engineering plants and agriculture. China for example sends an annual average of between 600 and 1500 of its citizen to work in other countries. India on the other hand does not send expatriates to other countries, but the country suffers from serious joblessness among its citizens. According to recent studies, approximately 30 % of India citizens do odd jobs and about 10% are completely jobless. Globalization is therefore very important in that it enables countries to find mutual benefits and solutions to economic challenges related to human resource management and employment.Social TrendWhen the supply of human resources is higher than the available job opportunities, the demand goes down, and thus a country cannot provide adequate spaces for all citizens. The solution to the human surplus es in China lies in globalization. The freedom to seek employment opportunity is a great contribution of globalization. Another benefit of globalization is the freedom to acquire quality education from other countries. China has been one of the preferred countries for quality of higher education. It has developed qualified human resources for other countries, and boosted the quality of works in the beneficiary organizations (Zhang Li 2009, p. 20). Apart from offering distance learning opportunities, Chinese government partners with other universities worldwide for developing education curriculum and for developing special career capabilities in students worldwide. This has promoted the quality of Human resources that work in China and enabled China as a country to benefit by acquiring employment opportunities for its citizens.Political TrendChina has had a bad relationship with the leading economies especially the United States of America due to the struggle for common markets for their products and for diplomatic ties with the rest of the world. United States of America and the United Kingdom have repeatedly accused China for being involved in the preparation of Nuclear weapons. This notwithstanding, the reputation of China in the East has never been corrupted. In fact, China has managed to develop diplomatic ties with more countries. Theoretically, United States of America has been considering China as a threat and probably the most economically stable country in the world. In the past, a great percentage of the world human resources moved to the USA in search for employment and education opportunities. The recent trends have shown that the movement is gradually shifting to China, a fact that has caused a lot of struggles between United States of America and China. Indeed, the supply of Human resources in China, together with the Chinese Work Ethics policy has catapulted the economic growth of China to the present state that is the envy of many countries (G amble 2006, p. 18). China remains to be one of the most influential economies in the world in terms in terms of Human recourses acquisition and career development. The country does not have any need to acquire expatriates from other nations. It uses the local supply of Human resources, which is cheaper than non-citizens are. Economic TrendThe growing financial stability in China has been a boosting factor in placing China in a recognizable position in the world. The supply of raw materials and affordable Human resources are the contributing factors (Xue 2008, p. 26). It is an advantage for China to have the largest population, which forms local supply for the dire need of industrial work force. This translates to a huge amount of revenue that the country is able to generate annually. China has applied the policy of diversification of the economy such that it does not depend on just a single product (Gamble 2003, p. 25). Chinese industries offer various production lines such as chemi cal factories, electronic industry, foods production, Agriculture, textile, Engineering and construction including automobile industries. By acquiring opportunities for its citizens in other countries, China benefits from the foreign taxes generated from the Diaspora, which further elevates its already strong economy.Answer to Question 5The future human resource management and employment relation lies in the power of globalization. The emerging trend of international toes between various countries for mutual benefit has become the habit that will most likely continue. The nature of economic depression that countries have faced is lessons to them that a country cannot entirely rely on its human resources. It has become clear that there is a unique element of specialization and labour orientation between different countries. Cooke (2004, p. 21) gives the challenge that the countries have to deal with is in the synchronization of international relations policies. He says they do so to develop a policy that is conducive to all countries having any form of diplomatic attachment. The nature of treatment that a country offers to its citizen differs from the treatment to expatriates and causes animosity between citizens of a country and the non nationals. A recent case in the year 2010 has South African expel football fans at the end of the world cup final match; for fear that, they could acquire job opportunities in South Africa at the expense of the jobless citizens of South Africa. Secondly, there has to be common industrial agreements between different countries.There is currently a wide difference between policies of employment in different countries. The processes of human resources recruitment varies from one country to another. The same applies to the regards for workers union, despite the existence of Centre Organization of Trade unions as an international workers union body. The Third very critical issue affecting the future of human resources management is the variations in the quality of education offered across the globe (Ding Warner 2001, p. 19). Certain countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia insist on minimum prerequisite standards of education that a person has to attain before qualifying for a visa (Zhu Warner 2004, p. 33-35). This then becomes a constraining factor to a certain classes of people in that they do not have any chance to seek employment opportunities except perhaps in their own countries.The future of Human resources has a lot of issues to deal with in order to strike a form of homogeneity between human resources in different countries. In fact, there are countries that offer high quality job opportunities specifically for the most qualified specialists. This has made many countries especially in the developing countries; lose their best trained professionals to other countries. Along with the education qualities, Walsh and Zhu (2007, p. 18) reveals that there is an emerging trend of formation of inte rnational higher educational institutions, whose degrees and certificates are not internationally recognized. It therefore means that the student or the graduate with such qualifications cannot obtain employments. The government of each country has a duty to protect its citizens from such practices by providing a list of internationally recognized institutions with ISO certification, and which have been approved as valid by the standards of the commissions for higher education. Many people have fallen victims to this disappointing issue. The last factor, which threatens the future of human resource management and employment relations, is the human right issues. There are countries especially in the Middle East, which have the habit of acquiring cheap labour from the developing countries and do a lot of mistreatments to the employees. Saudi Arabia has featured frequently as a country where foreign employees perseveres harsh inhuman treatments from their employers (Cooke 2005, p. 15). This is a breach of contacts between employment agents and the employees and requires the intervention of United Nations Human Right Commissions. In spite of the challenges to the human resources challenges, globalization promises a brighter future. Technology has linked several countries into a virtual village, and lifted international barriers. In the future, human resource management is bound to improve and the demand for human recourses increases because of online employments. Already there are online employments across the world, such as data entry jobs, which are very effective especially in the developed countries like the United States of America and the UK. Secondly, the continuous improvements of diplomatic links between countries have a lot of promises of a better future for human resource management and employment relations.When countries begin to partner in vital projects such as education programs sponsorship... Impact of Globalization on Economic Development Essay - 2475 Words Impact of Globalization on Economic Development (Essay Sample) Content: Heading: HRMYour name:Course name:Professors name:DatePart 1: Answer to Question 1Globalization has influenced international relations and transformed the way various economies operate and perform in the present days multilateral trade. It has made the world into the so called a global village with the integration of modern information technology and communication. The other aspect of globalization apart from information technology is the formation of international trade organizations such as UNTAD and COMESA. As globalization influences the state of international relations, it causes movement of world population from one country to another, thus causes unique pattern of human resource composition in different countries.This study specifically discusses the impacts of globalization in relation to China and the resultant effect on human resource and employment relations. China has been classified among the world economic drivers as the most populated country in the wor ld, followed by India (Taylor et al 2003, p. 18). At the same time, China has had a large number of their citizens traversing the other parts of the world as expatriates in medical institutions, engineering plants and agriculture. China for example sends an annual average of between 600 and 1500 of its citizen to work in other countries. India on the other hand does not send expatriates to other countries, but the country suffers from serious joblessness among its citizens. According to recent studies, approximately 30 % of India citizens do odd jobs and about 10% are completely jobless. Globalization is therefore very important in that it enables countries to find mutual benefits and solutions to economic challenges related to human resource management and employment.Social TrendWhen the supply of human resources is higher than the available job opportunities, the demand goes down, and thus a country cannot provide adequate spaces for all citizens. The solution to the human surplus es in China lies in globalization. The freedom to seek employment opportunity is a great contribution of globalization. Another benefit of globalization is the freedom to acquire quality education from other countries. China has been one of the preferred countries for quality of higher education. It has developed qualified human resources for other countries, and boosted the quality of works in the beneficiary organizations (Zhang Li 2009, p. 20). Apart from offering distance learning opportunities, Chinese government partners with other universities worldwide for developing education curriculum and for developing special career capabilities in students worldwide. This has promoted the quality of Human resources that work in China and enabled China as a country to benefit by acquiring employment opportunities for its citizens.Political TrendChina has had a bad relationship with the leading economies especially the United States of America due to the struggle for common markets for their products and for diplomatic ties with the rest of the world. United States of America and the United Kingdom have repeatedly accused China for being involved in the preparation of Nuclear weapons. This notwithstanding, the reputation of China in the East has never been corrupted. In fact, China has managed to develop diplomatic ties with more countries. Theoretically, United States of America has been considering China as a threat and probably the most economically stable country in the world. In the past, a great percentage of the world human resources moved to the USA in search for employment and education opportunities. The recent trends have shown that the movement is gradually shifting to China, a fact that has caused a lot of struggles between United States of America and China. Indeed, the supply of Human resources in China, together with the Chinese Work Ethics policy has catapulted the economic growth of China to the present state that is the envy of many countries (G amble 2006, p. 18). China remains to be one of the most influential economies in the world in terms in terms of Human recourses acquisition and career development. The country does not have any need to acquire expatriates from other nations. It uses the local supply of Human resources, which is cheaper than non-citizens are. Economic TrendThe growing financial stability in China has been a boosting factor in placing China in a recognizable position in the world. The supply of raw materials and affordable Human resources are the contributing factors (Xue 2008, p. 26). It is an advantage for China to have the largest population, which forms local supply for the dire need of industrial work force. This translates to a huge amount of revenue that the country is able to generate annually. China has applied the policy of diversification of the economy such that it does not depend on just a single product (Gamble 2003, p. 25). Chinese industries offer various production lines such as chemi cal factories, electronic industry, foods production, Agriculture, textile, Engineering and construction including automobile industries. By acquiring opportunities for its citizens in other countries, China benefits from the foreign taxes generated from the Diaspora, which further elevates its already strong economy.Answer to Question 5The future human resource management and employment relation lies in the power of globalization. The emerging trend of international toes between various countries for mutual benefit has become the habit that will most likely continue. The nature of economic depression that countries have faced is lessons to them that a country cannot entirely rely on its human resources. It has become clear that there is a unique element of specialization and labour orientation between different countries. Cooke (2004, p. 21) gives the challenge that the countries have to deal with is in the synchronization of international relations policies. He says they do so to develop a policy that is conducive to all countries having any form of diplomatic attachment. The nature of treatment that a country offers to its citizen differs from the treatment to expatriates and causes animosity between citizens of a country and the non nationals. A recent case in the year 2010 has South African expel football fans at the end of the world cup final match; for fear that, they could acquire job opportunities in South Africa at the expense of the jobless citizens of South Africa. Secondly, there has to be common industrial agreements between different countries.There is currently a wide difference between policies of employment in different countries. The processes of human resources recruitment varies from one country to another. The same applies to the regards for workers union, despite the existence of Centre Organization of Trade unions as an international workers union body. The Third very critical issue affecting the future of human resources management is the variations in the quality of education offered across the globe (Ding Warner 2001, p. 19). Certain countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia insist on minimum prerequisite standards of education that a person has to attain before qualifying for a visa (Zhu Warner 2004, p. 33-35). This then becomes a constraining factor to a certain classes of people in that they do not have any chance to seek employment opportunities except perhaps in their own countries.The future of Human resources has a lot of issues to deal with in order to strike a form of homogeneity between human resources in different countries. In fact, there are countries that offer high quality job opportunities specifically for the most qualified specialists. This has made many countries especially in the developing countries; lose their best trained professionals to other countries. Along with the education qualities, Walsh and Zhu (2007, p. 18) reveals that there is an emerging trend of formation of inte rnational higher educational institutions, whose degrees and certificates are not internationally recognized. It therefore means that the student or the graduate with such qualifications cannot obtain employments. The government of each country has a duty to protect its citizens from such practices by providing a list of internationally recognized institutions with ISO certification, and which have been approved as valid by the standards of the commissions for higher education. Many people have fallen victims to this disappointing issue. The last factor, which threatens the future of human resource management and employment relations, is the human right issues. There are countries especially in the Middle East, which have the habit of acquiring cheap labour from the developing countries and do a lot of mistreatments to the employees. Saudi Arabia has featured frequently as a country where foreign employees perseveres harsh inhuman treatments from their employers (Cooke 2005, p. 15). This is a breach of contacts between employment agents and the employees and requires the intervention of United Nations Human Right Commissions. In spite of the challenges to the human resources challenges, globalization promises a brighter future. Technology has linked several countries into a virtual village, and lifted international barriers. In the future, human resource management is bound to improve and the demand for human recourses increases because of online employments. Already there are online employments across the world, such as data entry jobs, which are very effective especially in the developed countries like the United States of America and the UK. Secondly, the continuous improvements of diplomatic links between countries have a lot of promises of a better future for human resource management and employment relations.When countries begin to partner in vital projects such as education programs sponsorship...

Quality Management Higher Education Political Development - 2200 Words

Quality Management in Higher Education: Socio-Cultural and Political Development (Research Paper Sample) Content: NameInstitutionDateQuality Management in Higher EducationJoe RossHigher education plays a crucial role in the political, socio-cultural and political development of a country. This realization has led to an overall need for the establishment of the growth of higher education in all parts of the world. University education is very effective in the production of a reliable workforce. Human capital plays an important role in the development of a nation. This is because people who go through institutions of higher learning are efficient in their jobs. Performance at the workplace is crucial as it contributes to the economic growth of a country. Other functions of higher education can include: cultivating new knowledge, providing leadership to certain cultures and countries, provide society with competent individuals, addresses social injustices through the diffusion of education, bring high education institutions closer to the community and develop the good life in indivi duals and society (Ali Shastri, 2010).Quality Management programs have emerged in the higher education industry for these reasons. Quality management plays the role of ensuring that the services offered by an institution are consistent and meet a customers expectations. It shapes the strategies applied in university education so as to satisfy the parties involved. These include students, parents, and the job market. The efforts made in quality management in the higher education industry continuously need to be explored and evaluated (Hasan and Al-Kassem, 2014). In the education sector, this concept can only be attained after long periods of planning. It is made up of four primary components: quality assurance, quality planning, quality improvement and quality control. For quality management to be applied in education, the quality of education at that point in time must first be determined. From the results attained, the quality can then be improved. This means that the characteris tics of quality must be first determined. The primary objective of quality management is to create an environment within an institution that allows for all assets to be well-utilized so as to provide quality service that a school needs to adapt. High-quality management in learning institutions can be implemented by both government and the institution level. The government can play its role in quality management through conducting surveys on the quality of graduates, provision of funds to schools as well as making a follow up on the use of the funds to better education. Higher education institutions implement quality management by ensuring that they do not produce half-baked graduates. Their products should easily fit in the job market (Hasan and Al-Kassem, 2014). Education is very crucial to a persons achievement. It molds one to be what they desire to be in life. The changes experienced in educational settings of the world today have influenced the adjustments of learning activitie s. Teaching methods, as well as school routines, have been affected by the changes seem in the education sector. New teaching techniques have been put in place so that learners can get the best education as dictated by the changes that are taking place in this age of technological revolution. Facilitators of education need to be multi-skilled, dependable and knowledgeable (Hasan and Al-Kassem, 2014). Quality management is very crucial in higher education. This is because learners get value for their money and time. In turn, this makes them very competitive in the job market. They are then able to compete for high-end jobs, so as to improve their standards of living. To the institutions of higher learning, quality management is vital. Universities can produce individuals who are ready for the job market. They no longer provide half-baked graduates who need extra training so as to get employment. This creates a proper reputation for the universities, and they can record higher enrolme nts in future. Learners progress is assessed through examinations, which can be done through either internal or external exams. External examining processes are important as they give an alternative feedback about students, from that obtained through internal examination. The value added to the learning institutions due to collaborations with other institutions is also measured. Becket and Brookes (2006) enhanced this model. Implementation of quality management faces some challenges. However, the advantages that emanate from its implementation are more than the disadvantages. This makes it crucial for stakeholders to implement it. There are many models of quality management. It calls for diversification of teaching/learning activities, course development, whereby innovation is important. The results of student evaluation, as well as a facilitator's contribution to conferences and workshops, are considered. The better the contributions a lecturer makes, the more eligible they are for the promised awards. This is to say that an institution needs to implement the one that fits well in the institution. Surveys on how well it is serving the institutions should be implemented once it is in place. All members of the institution must also be involved. This is important as teamwork contributes immensely to the achievement of goals. This is because all people work towards a common goal This will inform various adjustments which need to be made for it reap maximum benefits. Therefore, it is important for higher learning institutions to implement quality management (Becket and Brookes, 2006).Cognitive, as well as non-cognitive aspects of learning, should be observed as well. After going through higher education institutions, learners should exhibit a positive change in their moral behavior as well as in terms of the knowledge they have acquired. This model requires that students should be satisfied with the university environment. On the other hand, also, the government c an play its role in quality management through conducting surveys on the quality of graduates, provision of funds to schools as well as making a follow up on the use of the funds to better education. Higher education institutions implement quality management by ensuring that they do not produce half-baked graduates. The Performance Measures for Academic Departments is a model aims at investigating the education system as a body which should be used. It identifies measures of performance to evaluate productivity, internal structure, efficiency as well as growth and development. Changes in education culture will at large contribute to positive changes in the institution such as quality enhancement. It also puts into consideration the management, development and evaluation of programs. How a program is managed and developed informs the outcome that will be noted during evaluation.Many quality management approaches in university education have been identified. The first one is customer- centered, whereby the services that are offered to students are enhanced through the training of staff. Students are viewed as the clients and consumers of education. Self-reliance amongst the students is thus encouraged. The other approach is staff-centered. It aims to evaluate the performance of teachers regarding the institution's expectations. The third is based on agreement of service positions. It attempts to warrant the adherence of set guidelines concerning the provision of education (Srikanthan Dalrymple, 2004). There are several quality management models in higher learning. Some higher education institutions have tried using models that were originally developed for industries, and attained varying results. One of the models is Total Quality Management (TQM). It is defined as an approach in management to an organization which is based on the participation of members. It aims at achieving success by ensuring that clients are satisfied and reap benefits from the education s ector. It can integrate all the perspectives of various stakeholders and is, therefore, comprehensive in facilitating change and innovation (Srikanthan Dalrymple, 2004). Balanced scorecard model utilizes financial, learning and growth, internal purposes, and customer, which are measurement perspectives. It calls for the identification of the indicators of performance. The European Framework for Quality Model (EFQM) works based on the identification of factors that enable performance as well as the results achieved. These models have limitations when used in the education sector and, therefore, some models have been specially developed for this area. One such model is Model for Quality Management in Higher Education (Srikanthan Dalrymple, 2004). It draws from educational literature. The focus is on the students learning, whereby they are participants in teaching and research. The methodologies used are engagement theory of program quality, strategies for achieving responsive univer sities, methods to develop an institution of higher learning as well as transformative methodologies. This model was implemented in 2002 (Srikanthan Dalrymple, 2004). It focused on approaches and philosophies to the education of students. It recommended a shift from teacher-centered learning to concentrate on the students learning. The academic performance of learners is vital as well as the performance of the organization. The rate at which education sector is developing is so fast. The main concern on of the fast development is the quality of education issued. Some other models of education have failed to develop due to poor understanding as well as comprehension. Therefore, to rate the quality of higher education, it is called for the institution itself to evaluate how they it carries itself out. When the self analysis is done, it the settles down and work on the weakest points it is going t...