Ancient Egyptian Sports And Sports - 1606 Words

Sports in Ancient Egypt included Handball, Competitive swimming, Hockey, Weightlifting, Tug of war, Javelin, Jumping, Running, Boxing, Wrestling, Rowing, Equestrian sports, Handball and swimming. Ancient Egyptian sport also included team sports. They required team work in an effort to display skill, strength and sportsmanship. Hockey Ancient Egyptians had a version of field hockey. Hockey sticks were pieces of palm tree branches with the tell-tale bend at the end. The inner core of the ball was papyrus. The method of playing hockey in Ancient Egypt is the same as the hockey we play today. Athletics Ancient Egyptians practiced field and track sports such as the high jump. Two players sat opposite to each other with legs stretched, with one player’s feet on top of the toes of the other. If the third player managed to jump over that barrier, the two sitting players placed their palms on top of their feet to heighten the barrier which the third player jumping across without touching. High jump is called goose steps in ancient Egypt. Tug of war Tug of war is also a sport people play in Ancient Egypt. In Ancient Egypt, the method of playing tug of war is the first person in the line pulls the other first person in the line. Everyone else grabs the waist of the player in front and pulls until one team pulls the other team across. Weightlifting Weightlifting is a sport Egyptians do. One method of weightlifting was the attempt to lift a heavy sack of sand with one hand. The methodShow MoreRelatedHow Ancient Egyptian Culture Affect Modern Day Society Essay854 Words   |  4 Pages2017 How Does Ancient Egyptian Culture Affect Modern Day Society’s? Ancient Egypt was the first civilization to make use of the sciences, including math and medical uses. Clocks, sports, a twelve month calendar, farming, building are also believed to originate in Ancient Egypt. All of these influences our everyday lives. The Egyptians created a decimal system that used seven different symbols. Mathematical text can be traced back to around 2000 – 1800 BC. By then the Egyptians had a grasp ofRead MoreHistory and Importance of Sports amongs Ancient Civilizations1138 Words   |  5 Pages History and importance of sports amongst ancient civilizations Sports have been around for centuries, dating back to 776 BC with the first Olympic Games. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptian, Greeks and Mayans all had a sport they enjoyed taking part in. They were created to bring people together and help them settle disputes or conflicts in an organized manner. Great leaders of the ancient world saw a fascination in sports and made it part of their reign to promote the human’s natural competitivenessRead MoreHow to Play an Ancient Game?667 Words   |  3 PagesAfter a big hard fight for survival†¦.After a hard day working on the Pyramids and other jobs, you sit down and play a nice game of senet, one of the most popular games in the Egyptian civilization! Have you ever wondered how to play an old game? Or what kind of game it is and why it was made? or even if people before our time played the same kind of games from today? It is all here. What we have adapted the old games into today. You may be thinking what is Senet? It has 14 pieces, depending onRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Sports And Football1054 Words   |  5 PagesSport comes from the Old French desport meaning leisure, with the oldest definition in English from around 1300 being anything humans find amusing or entertaining.[9] Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the purpose of gambling; hunting; and games and diversions, including ones that require exercise.[10] Roget s defines the noun sport as an activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement with synonyms including diversion and recreation.[11] Nomenclature The singular termRead MoreAssignment 2: Comparing Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece1470 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 2: Comparing Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece Assignment 2: Comparing Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece Andelle Gregoire World Cultures I Abstract Overall, Greek and Indian art had many similarities and differences. Even though they lived far away and had different beliefs, their depicted the same topics: Gods and goddesses, animals, royalty, myths, everyday life, and sports. Jewelry wise, they both used a lot of gold, although Indians used more beads and gems. In sculptureRead MoreEssay Archery887 Words   |  4 PagesArchery Archery is one of the oldest sports, and art forms, known to man. Dating back to before 25,000 BC, archery has evolved and grown from simply a means of killing food and warfare, to more of an art form. Today, archery is a very common sport present in many areas of the world and throughout many different cultures. In Africa, there have been arrow heads that have dated back to before 25,000 BC, and may be dated as far back as 50,000 BC. This suggests the use of a bow and arrow at thisRead MoreWays Of Live Forever By Ancient Egypt And Greek Culture1579 Words   |  7 Pagesvastly different. Ancient Egypt and Greece had. Egyptian and Greek culture both had vivid interpretations of immortality as seen through their literary writings and their treatment of everyday life, but both ideals are still expressed in present society. Slight overlaps are seen in Egyptian and Greek cultures in their views of life as a whole. However, when it came to the importance of life and what was required in life these cultures diverged drastically For the Egyptians, the purpose of lifeRead MoreEssay on History of the Olympics1625 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen around since the first modern Olympiad, which was held in Athens in 1896. However, the tradition of athletic competition has been around longer than history itself. Athletics in Ancient Civilization nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Athletic competition was always an integral part of life for the members of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece. Physical fitness was extremely important, and children would start being trained to compete at a young age. Kings, pharaohs, and nobles spent much of theirRead MoreEssay The History of the Sport of Swimming726 Words   |  3 Pagesthe body, especially the arms and legs, or (in the case of fish) tail and fins† (Swimming). The sport of swimming has a long history, from the beginning with the Egyptians and Hittites, through the competitive athletes of this century. While the history of competitive swimming is more in depth and has more information about it, the ancient history has a more solid background (MLA 7th Edition). In Egyptian history, swimming was used for combat and a way to escape from the enemy. Ramesses the SecondRead MoreAncient Egypt Civilization : Ancient And Modern Egypt968 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient and Modern Egypt There are some countries that have a large civilization, but how many countries have had a successful civilization throughout its existence? What if there is a country that has a civilization from 7000 years ago that has a rich history, various progresses, cultures, governments, customs, and habits? A lot of its heritage still exists until now, Egypt was one of the most wonderful civilizations in human history. Ancient Egyptians lived around the Nile River, where they found

Charles Manson Essay - 1297 Words

The 1960s were a volatile era of social and political turbulence – a majority of which was centered in culturally progressive areas (San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, etc.). In 1969, Charles Manson, an American criminal, rose to infamy with his orchestration of seven gruesome murders in Los Angeles, California. Whats even more shocking than the murder scenes, was the fact that Manson did not perpetrate any of the murders himself, but instead convinced others to commit the crimes for him: the murderers had been done by the Manson Family, a cult Manson himself had created. Manson’s total control over his followers marked him as a manipulative and cunning psychopath, however the development of his cult was largely due to the 1960s†¦show more content†¦In addition, these criminals have affected our public perception to view them as popular figures rather than for the violent acts they have committed (Schmid 4). By buying their merchandise, watching their movies and treating them as celebrities, society no longer sees the killer – they see the mask, hence alternating our perception to judge if a killer is good or bad. That is to say, serial killers are psychopaths that shouldnt be idolized. Although some serial killers react to social changes, society has a reaction to all serial culture. In order to understand how serial killers are affected by social changes, one must understand their psyche. A serial killer is sexually motivated but the underlying reason is power (Newton 197). The killer wants power over his victims. Serial killing, itself, is a distinctly modern phenomenon, a product of relatively recent social and cultural conditions to which criminologists can provide fresh insight by accentuating the broad institutional frameworks, motivations, and opportunity structures within which serial killing occurs (Haggerty and Ellerbrok 6). According to John E. Douglas, co-author of Mindhunters, the reason that murders committed by serial killers, at first blush, seem to be senseless crimes is because serial killers are often motivated by a strong emotional feeling (Dokterman), such as hate, vengeance, or regret. FBI agents have identified domination,Show MoreRelatedCharles Manson Essay1882 Words   |  8 Pagesgroup led by Charles Manson called the Manson Family. Th ese people were completely controlled by Manson. He had them convinced that they were the chosen ones and that they were only carrying out the orders of a man they thought was Jesus Christ incarnate (Watson par. 3). They were willing to risk death and imprisonment to satisfy this man. Manson used borrowed ideas from prosperous cults of the 1960’s to achieve a complete control over his followers. In June of 1960, Charles Manson was sent to prisonRead More Charles Manson Essay2207 Words   |  9 Pagesto whom she would later give her maiden name. Charles Milles Manson, born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 11, 1934 (FAQs 1), seemed to be a normal child, when, in fact, he was trouble from the start. The two had not planned to have a child, and certainly did not expect him to end up being the most notorious killer of the 20th century. In the summer of 1969, Manson made the residents of California afraid to leave their homes (Fillmer 2). Charlie Manson committed grotesque crimes, controlled his trialsRead MoreEssay on Charles Manson and the Manson Family1523 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Manson and the Manson Family   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jails, courtrooms and prisons had been my life since I was twelve years old.† (Emmons and Manson, 21) These are the words of Charles Milles Manson, a convicted serial killer who has never actually murdered a single person in his life. Manson was born â€Å"no name Maddox† on November 12, 1934, and has in fact been in prison for more than half of his life. (28) It was 1967, after Manson had just been released from the Federal Penitentiary at Terminal IslandRead MoreCharles Manson Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesnotorious cult leader and manipulator mastermind Charles Manson. With his followers: Charles â€Å"Tex† Watson, Bobby Beausoleil, Mary Brunner, Susan Atkins, Linda Kasabian, Patricia Krenwinkel, Bernard Crowe, Leslie Van Houten, and Steve Grogan. This family would brutally kill innocent people they brought a reign of terror to California. (Crimemuseum) Born November 12th, 1934 Charles Manson would become one of the most notorious killers of his time. Before Manson was even born the family he was going to beRead More Charles Manson Essay2776 Words   |  12 Pages Charles Manson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Manson has been named the most dangerous man alive. Society referred to him as the devil. They believed he was the reason society was so bad in the 1960s. The 1950s to the 1960s was uncontrollably filled with violence. Our culture was shattered by the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. At the same time, body bags from Vietnam were building up from a war that was tearing our nation apart. Riots andRead MoreEssay on Biography of Charles Manson 1359 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Manson was the leader and founder of the cult the Manson Family or The Family, a group of people well known for being serial killers in the late 1960’s. It was believed that they were associated with cult-quasi-religious groups, that came about in the 1960’s and they are still here today. They believe they know what the future of the planet is, when it will end, and how. In a biography of Charles Manson an d the Manson Family it said this, â€Å"In August 1969 a series of Hollywood murders wereRead MoreCase Study of Charles Manson Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Manson is notoriously connected to the brutal border of Sharon Tate and other Hollywood residents. Born Charles Milles Maddox to sixteen year old Kathleen Maddox, Charles was born into mayhem. Kathleen was an alcoholic and a prostitute; she was not very accepting of her son and showed him no love. Kathleen married William Mason and quickly that marriage dissolved. Fighting for his mother’s attention Charles left his home and lived on the streets. Manson began to do petty crime to getRead MoreConvicted Murderer Who Never Murdered Anyone, Charles Manson Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagesperson in his life, Charles Manson. Conversely he orchestrated members of the group that became known as the Manson Family to carry the murders out. Manson was born â€Å"no name Maddox† on November 12, 1934 in Cincinnati , Ohio. He was born to Kathleen Maddox, an unmarried 16-year-old prostitute who frequently drank. His mother married a laborer named William Manson weeks after his birth and was given the name Charles Milles Manson, taking his stepfathers last name. When Charles was five years oldRead MoreCharles Manson Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesAn Assessment of Charles Manson: Two Points of View on a Killer’s Personality Crystal L. Boyanski Columbia College Abstract There are many theories about what shapes an individual’s personality and when following these approaches, sense can be made of a certain person’s behavior. Charles Manson is a well-known serial killer whose personality is reflective of two specific personality theorists’ views. Sigmund Freud, whose psychosexualRead MoreMarilyn Manson and His Impact on Sub-culture.1629 Words   |  7 PagesMarilyn Manson has been pushing the envelope of the right to freedom of expression since his controversial shock rock antics began in the early 1990s. His methods are strange and rejected by most of society, as it cannot understand what he is trying to achieve. Many people believe that Marilyn Manson is bizarre, seeing him wearing womens clothing, applying heavy facial makeup, and covering himself with jewelry. His success can be attributed not only to his entertainment abilities, but even more

in What Ways Did The Nazis Try To Eliminate All Jews I Europe In The Years Of 1941 Onwards Free Essays

When the Nazi Party came to power in Germany in January 1933, it began a racial attack on the German Jews. The treatment of the Jews became rapidly worse between 1933 and 1939. Jews had been treated badly in Germany and Europe for hundreds of years. We will write a custom essay sample on in What Ways Did The Nazis Try To Eliminate All Jews I Europe In The Years Of 1941 Onwards? or any similar topic only for you Order Now They had been attacked and were treated differently to everyone else. When Hitler started his attack on the Jews it was nothing new, which meant that no one would ever have guessed what was coming next for the Jewish community. In this short essay I will decide what forms of prosecution the Nazis used? And what effects all this had upon the Jews between 1933 and 1939. Hitler wrote an autobiography called ‘Mein Kampf'(my struggle). He wrote about his hatred for the Jews and how much he hated the Government and Jewish polititions for signing the Treaty of Versailles. He thought Germany was being victimized by the treaty. Hitler had very anti-Semitic feelings and plans for the future. Hitler wanted a master race of pure German. In January 1933 Hitler’s party came to power. This is where he launched his slow attack on the Jews. He started his campaign on marginalizing the Jews. He did this by random violent attacks of Jews by the SA, e.g the smash Jewish property such as businesses. The Germans hated the Jews because the Jews got all the best jobs such as doctors and lawyers. It gradually got worse. On the 1st April 1933 there was a boycott of Jewish businesses for 1 day. On the 7th April the Jews were banned from some jobs. This was only the start of Hitlers plan for the Jews. The worst was yet to come. From 1933-35 Hitler used propaganda against the Jews. Hitler gave huge public speeches on how much he hated the Jews and what he had planned for them in the future. Hitler portrayed the Jews as ugly, evil money grabbing selfish individuals. He treated them as if they weren’t living people but animals or dirt. He didn’t just use speeches as his source of getting the word around. He used newspapers, magazines and even school text books! In 1935 two new laws pushed anti Semitism to greater heights (The nuremburg laws). The laws barred Jews from being German citizens and non Jews marrying Jews. By doing this Hitler could start on having a pure race and scrap Jews from German society. Then came The Olympic Games in 1936. Hitler didn’t want the other countries to see the height of the anti-Semitism so kept low for a while. He also didn’t want countries to boycott the games. Once the games were over Hitler got back to his plans. Over four thousand businesses were confiscated off Jewish business men in 1938. On the 9th November 1938 a man named Dr.Goebbels told the party leader that there had been anti-Jewish rioting. The Fuhrer had decided that such actions were not to be carried out by the parties. The Reich Propaganda Director said that they were not to be seen in public. Jewish school students took a huge hit after the Kristall nacht. The all got expelled from there school. From here on a lot of things were changed in schools. All old text books were scrapped and new anti-Semitism versions were distributed. In the books it described the Jew’s as nasty beings. It was all taught as if it was a scientific truth. My conclusion shows that the treatment of the Jews grew beyond marginalization, and further than ever thought by me. The acts of violence were taken too far by the Germans by 1939. How to cite in What Ways Did The Nazis Try To Eliminate All Jews I Europe In The Years Of 1941 Onwards?, Papers

Larkins Home Is so Sad free essay sample

The ORG notes that in the original publication this poem â€Å"had a prose heading quoting a Resolution of the National Congress urging the repeal of a law prohibiting the carrying of arms. (ORG, 5190). Ralph Durand, writing in 1914, commented: Hurree Chunder Mookerjee in this poem typifies the Bengali ‘babu’, the semi-literate representative of a race of which Macaulay wrote: ‘There never, perhaps, existed a people so thoroughly fitted by nature and by habit for a foreign yoke†. Prior to British rule in India the Bengalis were the constant prey of bolder and hardier races, and it is probable that, as this poem forecasts, their lot would be not a happy one if British occupation were withdrawn from them. Mentally the Bengalis are exceedingly acute, and they succeed admirably in any profession where mechanical intelligence is needed but bravery and initiatives are not. No sweeping condemnation of the Bengalis would, however, be just. We will write a custom essay sample on Larkins Home Is so Sad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though they have an excessive fear of physical pain they have none of death. Either in an aeroplane or on a scaffold a Bengali will be calm and collect. Rudyard Kipling gives the more commendable side of the Bengali character in Kim. In that book the Babu, also called Hurree Chunder Mookerjee, admits that he is ‘a very fearful man’ and turns pale at the sound of the click of a rifle-breech, yet he shows a degree of moral courage that astonishes both the Irish lad and the reckless Afghan, Mahbub Ali. Each of the other characters in this poem represents one of the warlike races in India. Yar Mahommed Yusufzai represents the Pathans of the N. W. Frontier Province, such as are depicted in Wee Willie Winkie, The Drums of the Fore and Aft, The Head of the District (Life’s Handicap), The Lost Legion (Many Inventions) , and other stories. Chimbu Singh represents the Rajpoots. The Bhils are an aboriginal tribe formerly much given to plundering. They appear in The Tomb of his Ancestors (The Day’s Work). The Marris are a brave and lawless tribe of Baluchistan. The Sikhs provide some of the best soldiers in the Indian army, but, unlike the Marris, they are notable for thei loyalty to the British Empire. The tale, A Sahib’s War (Traffics and Dioscoveries), is told by a native officer in a Sikh regiment. The Jats of the Punjab, who are agriculturists, also make excellent soldiers. The Wahabis are a fanatical Mahommedan sect who preach the holiness of war against unbelievers. Boh Hla-oo represents the Burmese dacoits, who, when safe opportunity offers, make up in bloodthirstiness what they lack in actual courage. Their methods of warfare are described in A Conference of the Powers (Many Inventions), The Taking of Lungtungpen (Plain Tales from the Hills), The Ballad of Boh da Thone (Barrack-Room Ballads), and The Grave of the Hundred Head (Departmental Ditties). † (Durand, 1914: 5-7). In a letter to Margaret Burne-Jones (28 November 1885-11 January 1886) Kipling writes: â€Å"When you write ‘native’ what do you mean? The Mahommedan who hates the Hindu; the Hindu who hates the Mahommedan; the Sikh who loathes both; or the semi-anglicized product of our Indian colleges who is hated and despised by Sikh, Hindu, and Mahommedan. Do you mean the Punjabi who will have nothing to do with the Bengali; the Mahrattha to whom the Punjabi’s tongue is incomprehensible the Parsee who controls the whole trade of Bombay and ranges himself on all questions as an Englishman; the Sindee who is an outsider; the Bhil or the Gond who is an aborigine; the Rajput who despises everything on God’s earth but himself; the Delhi traders he Afghan Which one of all the thousand conflicting tongues, races, nationalities and peoples between the Khaibar Pass and Ceylon do you mean? There is no such thing as the natives of India.

Pakistan India free essay sample

India and Pakistan have been in a dispute, which is well known around the globe. Many factors contributing to this dispute have caused much turbulence throughout their entire region. There are both similarities and differences between the two states, and just like most disputes, the differences are the ones that stand out most. In an article found, the author states â€Å"India seems to me to be a robust democracy, with a vibrant economy. It feeds its own people. Pakistan is on the verge of being a failed state, the economy is in shambles, and the country requires foreign aid to survive† (Chawla). How is it that two states are so different now, when they have only been apart for such a short period of time? When it comes to comparing the differences between India and Pakistan, the main features that stick out to me are religion, geographical size, and their military forces. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While both are close in size when comparing Muslim populations, India is known as a secular nation, and Pakistan as a Muslim state. Geographically speaking, Pakistan is much smaller than India when it comes to territory of land and their population count. Pakistan used to control the area on the eastern side of India, which is now known as Bangladesh. Pakistan now entails 340,403 square miles, compared to India whose territory consists of 1,269,221 square miles. The military comparison is also one that can be used to justify the significant differences between the two states of India and Pakistan. As stated before, India is larger geographically speaking, and also when speaking of military strength. As our text states, Pakistan is a â€Å"major military force† as well as â€Å"a nuclear power† (South Asia, p. 14). But, much of Pakistan’s military equipment comes from the United States used, and is not anywhere near the strength of India’s. Although they are extremely different when it comes to their religion views and cultural life, both states share some similarities that could potentially assist them in vanishing their disagreements in the near future. Politically, they share the same views on system of government views that the war on terrorism needs to end. Both states have a President, a Prime Minister, and each sub-state within the two all have their â€Å"local† government framework systems. I believe that sharing this commonality is extremely influential in getting the two states to eventually communicate in a more beneficial and civil matter. Both states also have strong agricultural dominance when being compared with other countries. India is reliable when it comes to production of food grains, cotton, tea, and tobacco. And, Pakistan shares the agricultural dominance in that over half of its working population is involved in the agricultural industry. With India and Pakistan not being able to get along and effectively communicate with each other, it prohibits the entire country from succeeding in all areas. The development of this region needs to grow, improve, and amount to a steadier environment, and unfortunately, most of the blame for its failures is placed on the discrepancies between the states of Pakistan and India. Additional Outside Sources: Chawla, Lakhmir. India and Pakistan: what’s the difference?. Open Democracy-Free Thinking of the World India and Pakistan: what’s the difference?. The Print House, 02 Nov 2010. Web. 6 Oct 2012. .

A Biography of Civil War General Stonewall Jackson

A Biography of Civil War General Stonewall Jackson Stonewall Jackson - Early Life: Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born to Jonathan and Julia Jackson on January 21, 1824 at Clarksburg, VA (now WV). Jacksons father, an attorney, died when he was two leaving Julia with three small children. During his formative years, Jackson lived with a variety of relatives but spent the majority of time at his uncles mill in Jacksons Mills. While at the mill, Jackson developed a strong work ethic and sought out education when possible. Largely self-taught, he became an avid reader. In 1842, Jackson was accepted to West Point, but due to his lack of schooling struggled with the entrance exams. Stonewall Jackson - West Point Mexico: Due to his academic difficulties, Jackson began his academic career at the bottom of his class. While at the academy, he quickly proved himself a tireless worker as he endeavored to catch up to his peers. Graduating in 1846, he was able to achieve class rank of 17 out 59. Commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st US Artillery, he was sent south to take part in the Mexican-American War. Part of Major General Winfield Scotts army, Jackson took part in the siege of Veracruz and the campaign against Mexico City. In the course of the fighting, he earned two brevet promotions and a permanent one to first lieutenant. Stonewall Jackson - Teaching at VMI: Taking part in the assault on Chapultepec Castle, Jackson again distinguished himself and was brevetted to major. Returning the United States after the war, Jackson accepted a teaching position at the Virginia Military Institute in 1851. Filling the role of Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Instructor of Artillery, he developed a curriculum that emphasized mobility and discipline. Highly religious and somewhat eccentric in his habits, Jackson was disliked and mocked by many of the students. This was worsened by his approach in the classroom where he repeatedly recited memorized lectures and offered little help to his students. While teaching at VMI, Jackson married twice, first to Elinor Junkin who died in childbirth, and later to Mary Anna Morrison in 1857. Two years later, following John Browns failed raid on Harpers Ferry, Governor Henry Wise asked VMI to provide a security detail for the abolitionist leaders execution. As the artillery instructor, Jackson and 21 of his cadets accompanied the detail with two howitzers. Stonewall Jackson - The Civil War Begins: With the election of President Abraham Lincoln and the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Jackson offered his services to Virginia and was made a colonel. Assigned to Harpers Ferry, he began organizing and drilling troops, as well as operating against the BO railroad. Assembling a brigade of troops recruited in and around the Shenandoah Valley, Jackson was promoted to brigadier general that June. Part of General Joseph Johnstons command in the Valley, Jacksons brigade was rushed east in July to aid in the First Battle of Bull Run. Stonewall Jackson - Stonewall: As the battle raged on July 21, Jacksons command was brought forward to support the crumbling Confederate line on Henry House Hill. Demonstrating the discipline that Jackson had instilled, the Virginians held the line, leading Brigadier General Barnard Bee to exclaim, There is Jackson standing like a stone wall. Some controversy exists regarding this statement as some later reports claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson for not coming to his brigades aid faster and that stone wall was meant in a pejorative sense. Regardless, the name stuck to both Jackson and his brigade for the remainder of the war. Stonewall Jackson - In the Valley: Having held the hill, Jacksons men played a role in the subsequent Confederate counterattack and victory. Promoted to major general on October 7, Jackson was given command of the Valley District with headquarters at Winchester. In January 1862, he conducted an abortive campaign near Romney with the goal of re-capturing much of West Virginia. That March, as Major General George McClellan began transferring Union forces south to the Peninsula, Jackson was tasked with defeating Major General Nathaniel Banks forces in the Valley as well as preventing Major General Irvin McDowell from approaching Richmond. Jackson opened his campaign with a tactical defeat at Kernstown on March 23, but rebounded to win at McDowell, Front Royal, and First Winchester, ultimately expelling Banks from the Valley. Concerned about Jackson, Lincoln order McDowell to assist and dispatched men under Major General John C. Frà ©mont. Though outnumbered, Jackson continued his string of success defeating Frà ©mont at Cross Keys on June 8 and Brigadier General James Shields a day later at Port Republic. Having triumphed in the Valley, Jackson and his men were recalled to the Peninsula to join General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia. Stonewall Jackson - Lee Jackson: Though the two commanders would form a dynamic command partnership, their first action together was not promising. As Lee opened the Seven Days Battles against McClellan on June 25, Jacksons performance dipped. Throughout the fighting his men were repeatedly late and his decision making poor. Having eliminated the threat posed by McClellan, Lee ordered Jackson to take the Left Wing of the army north to deal with Major General John Popes Army of Virginia. Moving north, he won a fight at Cedar Mountain on August 9 and later succeeded in capturing Popes supply base at Manassas Junction. Moving onto the old Bull Run battlefield, Jackson assumed a defensive position to await Lee and the Right Wing of the army under Major General James Longstreet. Attacked by Pope on August 28, his men held until they arrived. The Second Battle of Manassas concluded with a massive flank attack by Longstreet which drove Union troops from the field. Following the victory, Lee decided to attempt an invasion of Maryland. Dispatched to capture Harpers Ferry, Jackson took the town before joining the rest of the army for the Battle of Antietam on September 17. Largely a defensive action, his men bore the brunt of the fighting at the northern end of the field. Withdrawing from Maryland, Confederate forces regrouped in Virginia. On October 10, Jackson was promoted to lieutenant general and his command officially designated the Second Corps. When Union troops, now led by Major General Ambrose Burnside, moved south that fall, Jacksons men joined Lee at Fredericksburg. During the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, his corps succeeded in holding off strong Union assaults south of the town. With the end of the fighting, both armies remained in place around Fredericksburg for the winter. When campaigning resumed in the spring, the Union forces guided by Major General Joseph Hooker attempted to move around Lees left to attack his rear. This movement presented problems for Lee as he had sent Longstreets corps away to find supplies and was badly outnumbered. Fighting at the Battle of Chancellorsville began on May 1 in a thick pine forest known as the Wilderness with Lees men under heavy pressure. Meeting with Jackson, the two men devised a daring plan for May 2 which called for the latter to take his corps on a wide flanking march to strike at the Union right. This daring plan succeeded and Jacksons attack began rolling up the Union line late on May 2. Reconnoitering that night, his party was confused for Union cavalry and was hit by friendly fire. Struck three times, twice in the left arm and once in the right hand, he was taken from the field. His left arm was quickly amputated, but his health began to deteriorate as he developed pneumonia. After lingering for eight days, he died on May 10. In learning of Jacksons wounding, Lee commented, Give General Jackson my affectionate regards, and say to him: he has lost his left arm but I my right. Selected Sources Virginia Military Institute: Thomas Stonewall JacksonCivil War: Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jackson House

Individual Paper - Shadows of the leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual Paper - Shadows of the leader - Essay Example When leaders practice these, their followers will also be likely to do the same and as a result, the organisational culture will originate from the shadow cast above. This is especially because it is very difficult to try to correct one’s follower’s mistakes if you are their genesis. An example of how such leadership shadows can affect a company is Enron, it started n energy and network-providing firm that experienced unprecedented growth levels in the mid 90’s. After this, they hired the best business school graduates and the best talent in any field (Jickling, 2002). The culture was highly competitive with success being rewarded individually while failure was shunned. However, most of the focus was on the short rather than long-term success. As a result competition between individuals became acute and everyone more so the senior managers were ready to do anything to â€Å"make it big†, people were motivated by financial gain and consequently a culture of keeping business secrets and hiding losses in fictitious offshore ventures became rampant. Profits were inflated to keep the firm looking successful and even after it was nearly going bust, its shares were selling at $90 and the directors had assured the shareholders they would hit 120 although m ost of them sold off theirs. When Watkins, one of the executives blew the whistle on the illegal financial practices, the share price for the firm went down to $15 and the company declared bankruptcy resulting in millions of shareholder’s money being lost, careers and lives brought to ruin. This was caused by several of the shadows discussed above, by manipulating the accounting books, the leaders practiced deceit, which was copied by their juniors and became prevalent in the entire firm (Barreveld, 2002). Inconsistency was engendered in their tendency to say one thing to shareholders then do another, they promised increased share price but went on with practices

Social Policy Development Pertaining to Education in India Essay

Social Policy Development Pertaining to Education in India - Essay Example imarily comprised of two areas that are one that were directly under the control and the administration of Great Britain and then there were the princely states that were under the dominion of the native rulers, who exercised their jurisdiction on behalf of the British Crown (Mill & Thomas 1976). Before the revolt of 1857, India was under the rule and control of the British East India Company. A formal system of governance under the British dominion was introduced in India in 1858 when the British East India Company passed over the control of India to the Crown then represented by Queen Victoria (Mill & Thomas 1976). Queen Victoria was formally proclaimed the empress of India in the year 1877. The British colonial rule in India lasted until 1947. The non-violent opposition and resistance to the British rule initiated and guided by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi finally brought freedom to India in 1947 (Mill & Thomas 1976). Indian scholars and historians respond to the British colonial rule with a mixed sentiment. Some hold the British responsible for depriving India of its economic prowess and wherewithal through a system of sustained exploitation. Then there are others who appreciate the British for introducing the policies and measures that led to the modernization of India. Perhaps, the truth lies somewhere between these two views. 3.0 Indian Education System under the British Modern education in India is the result of gradual evolution. History of education in India is closely linked up with the history of education in England. The beginnings of the modern system of education in India can be traced to the efforts of the Christian missionaries who poured into India in the wake of European traders (Willinsky 2000, p. 97). It was the... This paper stresses that in many ways and perspective, India could be considered to be a modern and democratic nation with a fast growing economy that to a great extent is integrated with the outside world. In that context the challenges before the Indian education system are immense and multifarious. However, it would be pragmatic to touch upon a few issues that are of immense importance to India, being a mature and responsible member of the international community. This report makes a conclusion that subjugation is not an ideal state of existence for any nation, still the British Raj did one good thing that is it introduced and exposed the Indian education system to Western thought, literature and scientific knowhow. Not to say, the policy makers and administrators in the independent India did much to build on the start given by the Raj. The current economic growth and development of the modern India to a great extent testifies to the success of its education system and educational policies. Still, the policy developments in India need to go a step ahead to include the weaker and sidelined segments of the Indian population. Besides, India also needs to get over its cultural and political compulsions and hesitations to make way for the inclusion of such subjects and disciplines in its education system that are in tandem with the trends prevailing in the free and modern nations.

Normative Relativism Ethical Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Normative Relativism Ethical Theory - Essay Example The ethical theory that I will apply is one whereas an individual running an organization as a youth group with a diversity of members. Some of the members are Christians, others Muslims and others are not religious. Due to the differences in religious orientations of the members, there are issues during discussions and joint functions since some members perceive themselves as better people and more morally upright compared to their counterparts of different religions. This has lead to many decisions being viewed as biased and not accepted by all the members hence growth and nurturing of conflicts and strife. The ethical theory that is to be presented is a normative relativism and it indicates that every individual has what or to what extent he feels that an issue is morally okay hence it cannot be judged against him when he fails to meet the expectations and targets of the society. This is a big dilemma to the judging of individuals since every person has a benchmark of whatever he feels is quantified as ethical moral. My ethical theory is for the search of what is morally right for the society despite the constraints and upheavals facing the society at present and in the past. It, therefore, is a representative of normative ethics hence it will be showing a judgment of what is right or wrong as it occurs within the social ranks. It will examine the virtues, norms, and values attached to the social issues and how the society generally implements the issues. The ethical theory that I present above is one that represents the value ethics of the society in relation to the judgments of issu es in a way that is morally friendly and without compromising the rights and actions of the other individuals.

Explain Formally The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Economics Essay

Explain Formally The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Economics Essay Clearly as countries strive for increased growth they attempt to produce greater output and logic dictates that with greater output, ceteris paribus, there must be greater input and thus a depletion of resources from our environment. Simultaneously greater output leads to greater levels of emissions and waste, thus the carrying capacity of the biosphere will be exceeded sooner. Simon Kuznetss Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis states that economic inequality initially increases, reaches a critical threshold, and then decreases as the country develops (Economic Growth and Income Inequality, 1955). The hypothesis is shown by Figure 1 below. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Kuznets_curve.png Figure It is important to realise the relationship of the EKC shows a correlation between environmental equality and income, not causation. This simply means that a trend has been realised between income and economic inequality which states that initially as income rises so does inequality, however at a certain threshold inequality begins to diminish, and the reason for this change is not immediately apparent. The concept that environmental equality is influenced by economic growth originated from earlier economic theory, as in many 1970s theoretical literature on pollution and growth, optimal pollution control models have inverted U curves of pollution implicitly embedded in them (Selden, 1994). There are two main economic explanations for the Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Firstly the environment can be viewed as a luxury good. This means that although initially individuals are not willing to trade consumption for environmental investment, at a certain level of income individuals begin to increase their expenditure on the environment to enjoy its benefits. It can therefore be argued that economic development is a means to environmental improvement and thus whilst initially the environment will suffer from growth, it will benefit from the economic prosperity in the long run. Secondly as countries experience growth and income increases there are recognised historical structural development stages to the countrys economy much like, as Roslow noted, the moving from traditional to industrial economies and then to a mature mass consumption economy (The Stages of Economic Growth, 1960). For example, in a Less Developed Country (LDC), a structural transformation from primitive agriculture, through manufacturing and into services would initially utilise the environment efficiently through agricultural trade, with greater income this might transform into manufacturing which is highly dependent on environmental resources and also carries large negative externalities such as pollution. However once again, with further growth industry and trade will move towards services which have the least impact on the environment. The study by Syrquin in 1989 econometrically ties structural changes to economic growth and is often used to discuss the EKC hypothesis (Grossman, et al., 1995). It is obvious to conclude that if these developmental stages occur and the transitions between the stages correlate with specific per capita income levels, then a relationship where pollution levels initially rise before subsequently falling, as average incomes increase. Unrah and Moomaw argue that we cannot be sure whether the stages of economic growth are a deterministic process that all countries must pass through, or simply a description of the development history of a specific group of countries during the 19th and 20th centuries that may never again take place (An alternative analysis of apparent EKC-type transitions, 1998). We can look at the turning point in the EKC from increasing environmental inequality to diminishing environmental inequality as a change of individual interest from self-interest to social interest. However Arrow (2000) points out that the EKC provides very little information about the mechanisms by which economic growth affects the environment. For example, as income increases industry developments and innovations may have reduced negative externalities on the environment. Also with greater national income and wealth there is greater demand on the authorities for environmental regulations. There have been several empirical and analytical studies of the EKC hypothesis and whilst some support the conclusions of Kuznets others counter his findings. There is however, little debate that many pollution emissions in the developed countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have stabilised or indeed declined over recent years whilst these same countries per capital incomes have simultaneously increased (An alternative analysis of apparent EKC-type transitions, 1998). Unrah and Moomaw demonstrate in their 1998 empirical study of France GDP growth against CO2 levels an inverted U-shaped curve is produced which supports Kuznets hypothesis (An alternative analysis of apparent EKC-type transitions, 1998). Image Figure France CO2 vs GDP 1950-1992 Grossman and Krueger in 1994 produced a study with an N-shaped curve where after a high enough threshold there were increases in environmental degradation. Grossman also in 1994 found that the turning point is sooner for an obvious short term environmental hazard for the local population (Grossman, et al., 1995). Arrow in 1995 stated that responsiveness is not immediate so income growth does not spontaneously bring a reduction to environmental degradation. As such Arrow concludes that while short term indicators would support Kuznetss hypothesis, long term indicators would not. The huge potential for economic growth through effective utilisation of the environment has made efficient and socially desirable management of environment resources is a key issue within economics. The environment surrounding each individual economy has always been fundamental to the performance of economic growth. Along with creating economic prosperity the environment also performs the essential function of supporting life and thus managed with care and responsibility. As has been seen through history, exploitation of the environment which has provided crucial economic inputs may also be the instrument which impairs the earths ability to support life. For example, in last decade we have seen the emergence of concern about how economic expansion of the world economy is leading to irreparable global damage (Silbert, 2009). As such decisions regarding the environmental trade-off between economic growth and preservation require careful consideration from political authorities. Kuznets EKC Hypothesis EKC Analysis Conclusions One policy proposed by economists is to allow countries to economically grow out of environmentally damaging activity. Looking at countries with already large economies, we see signs of environmental regulation such as emissions standards, extensive recycling programs, and limited timber harvesting. The economists supporting a policy that initially allows for environmental degradation assert that if a country can achieve sufficient economic growth in a short period of time then perhaps environmental damage should be tolerated. A well-known hypothesis providing support for a policy that emphasizes economic growth at the expense of environmental protection is the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. It posits that countries in the development process will see their levels of environmental degradation increase until some income threshold is met and then afterwards decrease. If true, economic policies should allow extensive, although not necessarily absolute, use of the environment for growth purposes. But carrying out such policies involves inherent dangers. If developing countries decide to overlook environmental protection by counting on rising incomes to abate environmental damage the consequences could be devastating. The most pressing danger is that additional environmental degradation could cause some irreversible and significant harm. This could occur before the predicted income threshold is met. The other concern with counting on incomes to reduce environmental damage is that the EKC hypothesis could easily be incorrect and relying on its predictions would lead to consistently insufficient protection. This paper evaluates the validity of the EKC hypothesis and argues that it is not a sound basis for policy formation and justification with so much at stake. The plan of the paper is as follows. Section II examines the basis for the EKC hypothesis and conditions under which it may accurately predict a countrys future environmental status. Section III briefly summarizes empirical studies investigating EKCs and looks at the findings of these studies. Section IV identifies the inherent dangers in determining environmental policy based upon the EKC hypothesis. Some concerns are relevant if the hypothesis does not hold and others are present even if it proves a correct forecaster of environmental quality. Section V concludes with my assessment of how well the hypothesis works as a justification for dubious environmental policies. Section II: The Concept of the Environmental Kuznets Curve The EKC hypothesis asserts that countries will naturally move from relatively low environmentally degrading activity to highly degrading activity and then, once a certain income threshold is achieved, will proceed to less degrading activity once again. This assertion allows one to predict the relative level of environmental damage being caused by a country by looking at GDP per capita. However, this prediction is relative to individual countries. In other words, each country has its own EKC, based upon resource endowment, social customs, etc., from which it progresses along relative to its GDP. A graphical model of the hypothesis helps illustrate the inverted U shape of the relationship: Environmental Damage Y* Income per capita The y-axis represents the amount of environmental damage due to economic activity and the x-axis represents income per capita. Y* represents the threshold income, sometimes referred to as the turning point. That point signifies the income level at which environmental damage per capita begins to recede. It is important to note that the theoretical EKC graph does not explicitly express time as a dimension and for this reason the use of the EKC hypothesis to justify policy decision an action that by definition incorporates time would appear inadequate. Only by comparing two different countries can the inverted U shaped curve be derived as seen above. However each country possesses its own unique EKC and therefore each countrys policies should be organized accordingly. In order for the graph to show an EKC, and thereby be valid as policy justification, we must incorporate a time dimension. We find a time dimension along the x-axis. The EKC hypothesis assumes that changes in income per capita only occur over time. By including this supposition of changes in income inherently signifying time, the graph can now show an EKC for a specific country. The identification of a countrys particular EKC provides a basis for using it to influence policy. Possessing the theoretical model by which t he EKC hypothesis is used for economic policy we turn our focus to explaining why the inverted U shape exists. There are two primary explanations for the proposed shape of the EKC. The first examines the history of developed countries and the paths they took to achieve development. The second reflects the changing preference for environmental quality as incomes rise. Historically, all developed countries economies were originally based upon agriculture, a state that produced little environmental damage. Their economies later switched to a much more environmentally damaging state that focused on industry and manufacturing. Finally, upon switching from heavy industry to the now-prevalent service-based economies the levels of environmentally damage fell in most developed countries. Two main factors lead to environmental damage that occurrs during industrialization. First, the harmful by-products of production damage the environment. High levels of pollution and water contamination accompany the expansion of industry. The second factor is the increased consumption of natural resources. The extensive over-use of land, deforestation and mining of mountains is a form of environmental damage in and of itself. A common conclusion of this development pattern is that LDCs must pass through the same phases in order to achieve economic growth. Furthermore, if forced to adhere to strict environmental regulations, LDCs will be at an economic disadvantage compared to the already developed countries. Many LDCs point to this competitive disadvantage when rejecting global environmental standards. The next stage of development saw industrial nations switching to service-based economies, a trend that all global GDP leaders tend towards. During this phase the income threshold of for the EKCs for certain substances appear to have been reached. Service-based economies are able to avoid many of the most environmentally damaging economic activities. Also, highly resource-dependant production is cut significantly which reduces the impacts of resource input and harmful emissions. The graph reflects the switch from an industrial to service-based economy somewhere around point Y*. The decreasing industrial production decreases the environmental damage despite the rising GDP associated with the service sector economy. Environmental impacts also fall as a result of improved technology discovered in developed countries. In some cases technology leads to a more efficient use of inputs. Other technological advancements make it possible to restrict the harmful effects that economic activity have on the environment. The second reason that a high-income level can reduce environmental damage is by altering the demand for environmental quality. Known as the income effect, sufficiently high GDP per capita often leads individuals to place environmental quality above additional economic growth. The aggregation of these individual preferences plays an integral role in determining the income threshold. The EKC income threshold aggregates all environmentally damaging agents into a single numerical value. However, taken individually economists can place dollar values on the turning points of damaging agents. For example, in a 1997 paper by Cole, Rayner and Bates, the authors found the turning point of CO and NO2 emissions to be around $9,900 and $14,700, respectively. Using environmental quality preference as an explanation, the income threshold represents the income level per capita at which the preference for environmental quality outweighs the preference for additional income. This change in preference occurs on a public level, rather than a private one. Microeconomic decisions to support more environmentally friendly goods and services cannot account for the income effect. The issue is instead a matter of public policy. The changes in environmental standards reflect political pressure on the federal government and state governments. Effective lobbyists have altered the political and social landscape to favour one of increased environmental quality. Despite the clean nature of high-income countries it remains difficult for EKC supporters to explain certain things such as the fact that the United States is, by far, the worlds largest greenhouse gas emitter. Defenders of the EKC hypothesis say this is due to the incredibly large economy of the U.S. and that the seemingly large figures are, proportionate to GDP, not as astonishing as they appear. The only other defense to the greenhouse gas emission statistic is that the income threshold may not have been reached. According to the EKC hypothesis, changes to evolving economies and the individual preference for environmental quality combine to determine the income threshold. However, whether or not an inverted U shaped curve exists at all is still up for debate. Section III: Evidence For and Against the EKC Hypothesis Evidence regarding the EKC hypothesis is circumstantial and inconclusive. Most early studies that supported the hypothesis focused on a single damaging agent, such as a pollutant. Identifying key characteristics associated with agents that have been studied we find that only certain types of agents exhibit an EKC. Evidence supporting the EKC first began in 1994 when Selden and Song found an EKC for SO2 (Environmental quality and development: Is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions?, 1994). A later test in 1995 by economists Grossman also found SO2 emissions to follow an EKC (Grossman, et al., 1995). They found a turning point between $4,000 and $6,000. Another early documentation of EKC support came from Theodore Panayotou who found the turning point of deforestation to be $823. After the initial studies, other economists began to investigate the validity of the EKC hypothesis and found refuting evidence. In the 1997 paper by Cole, Rayner and Bates, they found no EKC for traffic, nitrates or methane. A different study in 1997 by Horvath examined energy use and found no EKC; rather, energy use per capita rose steadily with increased income. Evidence appears to support the EKC hypothesis only for a limited type of damaging agents. The emission SO2 is found in urban waste areas and is thereby characterized by its locality. Deforestation also reflects a situation involving a specific location. Damaging agents that affect only a particular site tend to show EKCs. However, a damaging agent such as traffic is plain to see and also affects certain areas heavily. In this case the agent is dominated by a scale effect increased activity leads to increased environmental impact. While traffic-related pollution is generally iterated by population size, damaging agents such as energy production by-products increase with GDP per capita. Section IV: Dangers of the EKC Hypothesis as Policy Justification There exist many dangers in allowing an economy to simply grow out of environmentally damaging activity. Some of these dangers arise because the EKC hypothesis does not hold true in all cases. Others exist even if we assume the hypothesis as an accurate predictor of environmental conditions. The following is a list of concerns regarding the EKC hypothesis: (I) It remains inconclusive if most damaging agents follow the EKC. (II) The threshold income may be irrelevantly high or the temporary period of increasing environmental damage too long. (III) The decrease in environmental damage seen in developed countries may reflect the production of dirty products abroad and subsequent importation. (IV) The absorptive capacity of our earth is unknown. (V) EKCs may only exist in certain political atmospheres. A detailed examination of the above concerns illustrates the inherent dangers in accepting the EKC hypothesis and afterwards using it to justify policy. As discussed above, only local and regional damaging agents show signs of EKCs. Other difficult to detect agents may simply increase with GDP per capita. This discovery leaves open to question whether more agents than not respond to income increases. If there exist more agents that do not respond then attempting to grow past these impacts would be impossible. Many damaging agents may respond to income levels, but not until GDP per capita approaches out-of-reach levels. If in a developed country, the turning point for a damaging agent is above, say, $50,000 then neglecting to react will create damage for a considerable amount of time. Over the time it takes to achieve the turning point, the environmental damage may prove more costly than its worth. Obviously, in an LDC the turning point value needs only to be considerably lower and still have the same adverse effects. It is important to note that it is unclear if forgoing the opportunity for economic growth may is the right or wrong decision. Nonetheless, using solely the EKC hypothesis to justify this action remains unwise, as the outcome is not known. Another consideration that challenges the EKC evidence is that wealthy countries may be importing dirty products, thereby contributing to environmental degradation; the only difference is that the degradation is not domestic. The first hypothesis to bring up this possibility was the Pollution Haven hypothesis. It states that developed countries export their dirty industries to LDCs whose governments have more lax environmental standards. Many economists discounted this hypothesis with strong evidence showing that capital flows do not follow environmental regulations. However, this does not exclude the possibility of dirty industries existing in LDCs and coincidently exporting their products to wealthy countries. In this case, wealthy countries only started along the downward slope on the EKC by domestically reducing environmental damage. When taken globally their increased consumption due to income may still be increasingly damaging. Another danger is that leaving the quality of our environment subject to economic activity, even for only a short period, may be disastrous. The ability of the earth to absorb the damaging agents produced by economic activity, called absorptive capacity, is not yet known. A good example is global warming. More and more studies confirm that rising global temperatures are due at least in part to human activity. Predictions regarding the consequences of this change are still being debated. But further activity could push the environments limits to a point that causes serious repercussions for humanity. A final concern is that even if developing countries can achieve high levels of income per capita they may not possess a political atmosphere conducive to environmental protection. Assuming that the aggregate turning point is in a country reached, that country it is not necessarily going enact protection. Countries that possess sufficient demand for environmental quality still only achieve it with policy revisions. The most successful avenues for obtaining environmental quality are lobbyists. Without a government that responds to political pressure by these public groups there is no reason to believe that its policies will reflect the demand for a cleaner environment. In addition to this point, it also remains to be seen if all cultures place similar values on environmental quality. While constituents of currently developed countries may desire protection, countries in the process of developing may reach a point of equivalent income and still not demand environmental quality. Convers ely, they may actually demand protection earlier. Section V: Conclusion The questions and concerns about the EKC hypothesis that I have examined in this paper raise significant doubt as to the wisdom of adopting environmental policy based upon the EKC hypothesis. Even assuming its validity, the EKC hypothesis generates considerable doubt as to its effectiveness at balancing economic growth with environmental protection. Given these doubts policies must be, at most, based only partially on predictions by the EKC hypothesis. The correct balance between environmental protection and economic growth continues to be debated. Both of the opposing views present important arguments. Obviously, having either extreme either unhindered economic activity or overly protective environmental measures is an inadequate solution. The largest problem facing the debate is the lack of knowledge regarding the degree of robustness present in our earths environment. Still unclear of its ability to offer its resources and to soak up our by-products, our only course of action is to, with both needs in mind, tread carefully.

The Importance of Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters in Susan Glaspells Trifles

The patented murder mystery, in all its addictive predictability, presents the audience with numerous cliches: a stormy night, a shadowy figure, a sinister butler, and a mysterious phone call. Susan Glaspell's Trifles does not fit this mold. Glaspell's mysterious inquiry into the murder of John Wright presents the reader with only one suspect, Mrs. Wright. Even though the court examiner and sheriff cannot find evidence against Mrs. Wright, the reader can plausibly argue the case against the neglected wife. Glaspell's use of descriptive language and subtle hints established the mood, presents the motive, and uncovers the evidence needed to solve this murder mystery. Setting the proper mood is important for any play, especially one that requires that its readers be wary of the surroundings. The first glimpse the reader gets of the setting is that of an "abandoned farmhouse . . . [and] a gloomy kitchen" (Glaspell 127). These first words give the readers a heightened state of tension and prepare them for darker events yet to come. Mrs. Hale repeatedly describes the cold house as not being "a very cheerful place" and mentions that it might not have been "any cheerfuller for John Wright's being in it" (130). These comments coming from a neighbor lead the reader to believe that Mrs. Wright was not happy in her surroundings largely because of her husband. Even the rocking chair in which Mrs. Wright sat seems tainted with unpleasantness. Mrs. Peters ahs to "shake off the mood which the empty rocking chair [evokes]" (131) before she continues her conversation with Mrs. Hale. The strange feeling the house provokes prods the women to think more deeply into the events leading to John Wright's death. This curiosity allows the women to u... ...would have much more difficulty portraying the evidence to the reader. This portrayal not only makes the story more interesting, but it also increases the character development of this short drama. Works Cited Banner, Lois. Women in Modern America: A Brief History. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1974. Glaspell, Susan. Trifles. Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Ed.   John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2000. 127-137. Glaspell, Susan. "Trifles." Plays by Susan Glaspell. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company,  Ã‚  Inc., 1920. Reprinted in Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama.   X.J.  Kennedy and Dana Gioia Eds. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1995.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hewitt, Nancy. "Beyond the Search for Sisterhood: American Women's History in the 1980's."Social History. Vol. 10: No. 3 (1985): 299-321

Relationship Between Regulation and Market Structures

The study of government regulation and the competitive environment for business is relevant to all those who study business. All business candidates need to understand how the competitive environment will impact their employers and businesses. A- There are four major pieces of legislation known as the Antitrust Laws. After the U. S. Civil War, local markets changed into national markets because of transportations were improved, mechanized production methods, and sophisticated corporate structures. In the 1870s and 1880s, many firms became dominant in different industries like meat packing, railroads, coal, and tobacco. These firms often consolidated their industries and over charged its customers. The government formed laws called antitrust Acts to help control these behaviors. * Sherman Act of 1890 was formed to be brief and directly to the point: * The government would investigate organizations and companies suspected in violation of the Sherman trust act to limit monopoly. Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, with any person or persons to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce shall be found guilty of a felony (as later amended from â€Å"misdemeanor†). The Clayton Act of 1914 contained the desired elaboration of the Sherman Act. * Outlaws price discrimination when such discrimination is not justified on the basis of cost differences and when it reduces competition. * Prohibits tying contracts, in which a company requires that a buyer purchase another of its products as a condition to purchase the desired product. * Prohibits the acquisition of stocks of competing corporations when the outcome would be less competition. * Prohibits a director of one firm to act as a board member of another firm where the effect would be reduced competition. The Federal trade commission act of 1914 * The act gave the Federal Trade commission (FTC) the power to investigate any competitive practices at the request of any firms or on its own initiative to discover any unfair competition in the industry. * The Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 †¢The Celler-Kefauver Act amended the Clayton Act, Section 7. It prohibits the merger of firms by acquiring tis stock. The Act closed the loophole by making sure that one firm does not obtain the physical assets of another firm when the effect can reduce competition. B- The intended purpose of industrial regulation as it applies to the following market structures: 1. Oligopoly is small groups of firms control the market. For example: AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile control the cell phone industry. Industrial regulation is used to reduce the market power of Oligopolies, to prevent collusion (where small firms secretly set prices) and increase market competition. 2. Monopoly is where one company control prices in the market where there no substitute to the product. Industrial regulations are used to prevent companies from monopolizing in given markets. C- The major functions of the three primary federal and state regulatory commissions that govern industrial regulation. 1- The federal energy regulatory commission in 1930 is the jurisdiction of electricity, gas, gas pipelines, oil pipelines, and water powered sites. The major function of the federal energy regulatory is to regulate the transmission and sale of natural gas, oil pipelines, and wholesale of electricity. There are other functions that involve license and inspect hydroelectric projects and monitor and investigate energy markets. – The federal communications commission was formed in 1934 in the jurisdiction of Telephones, television, cable television, radio, telegraph, CB radios, and ham operators. The major functions of the federal communication commission include processing applications for licenses, analyzing complaints, conducting investigations, developing and implementing regulatory programs, and taking part in hearings 3- State public utility commission is f ormed in the jurisdiction of electricity, gas, and telephones. The major function of State public utility commission is to regulates the rates and services of a public utility that include water, gas, and electricity D- Social regulation is intended to deal with the broader impact of business on consumers. The government established several agencies including equal employment opportunity commission and health administration protect consumers from businesses in the late 60s. The purpose of social regulation is for the government to oversee the safety and quality of goods or products as well as the conditions of these products are manufactured. E- There are five primary federal regulatory commissions that govern social regulation. 1- Food and drug administration (1906) has the jurisdiction and function over safety and effectiveness of food, drugs, and cosmetics. 2- Equal employment opportunity commission (1964) has the jurisdiction and function over hiring, promoting, and discharge of workers. – Occupational safety and health admiration (1971) has the jurisdiction and function over industrial health and safety. 4- Environmental protection agency has the jurisdiction and function over water, air, and noise pollution 5- Consumer product safety commission has the jurisdiction and function of safety of consumer products As a company, studding the law can help in saving money, time and efforts to stay productive in the market. All business candidates ne ed to understand how the competitive environment will impact their employers and businesses.

Culture and Equity related to African American Studies

Culture and Equity related to African American Studies Free Online Research Papers In this essay I am going to analyze one cross cultural historical scenario of discrimination that has happened in the United States. I am then going to analyze a historical scenario that was in the memoir To My Children’s Children written Sindiwe Magona. I will also include an analysis on a contemporary scenario of discrimination in the United States in regards to gender. I will propose a personal strategy and institutional strategy that would contribute to greater equity and social justice in the United States and South Africa. Lastly, I will conclude with my final thoughts on equity and social justice. The United States and South Africa has dealt with many issues of cross cultural discrimination, inequity, and social injustice throughout history. Even today there are still issues of discrimination within both countries. Whether or not these issues will come to an end is still unknown, however we can look at the past and begin to realize the mistakes that we have made and make a start towards fixing them. I believe that most of this can be done through social awareness and by having an active voice in the community. One significant event in United States history that deals with these issues is the court case of Brown versus Board of Education in Topeka Kansas in 1954. What they found was that segregation violates the 14th Amendment which states that â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge th e privileges or immunities of citizens of the United Sates; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† (Fourteenth Amendment, 1868). This court case was not just about children in the school system it aimed at changing the way colored people were being treated. This U.S. event is similar to what happened in the South Africa during this same period. Segregation was also taking place where Sindiwe Magona was residing. The same kinds of situations were taking place as students were also segregated from schools based on their skin color. â€Å"The sound of a band playing chintzy music, any day, any time, made this, yet another â€Å"whites-only† piece of South Africa, the more tantalizing, the more remote (Magona, 1998)†. In South Africa the segregation of black and white’s was so intense that there were certain places that blacks could not enter because they were only for whites only. Even presently in the United States there are still forms of discrimination happening. One example that is still happening in the United States is the discrimination of women in the workforce. One of the biggest factors that is happening with that is the way that women are being underpaid especially compared to men. The International Decade on Women, stated that â€Å"Women do seventy five percent of the world’s work; they earn ten percent of the world’s wages and own one percent of the world’s property (Kirk, 2006)†. It seems that most of women’s’ work is unpaid and therefore is considered unproductive. Not only this, but even the women that do work are extremely underpaid and over-represented in low paying jobs. However, there are ways in which we can make a difference for those that are suffering from discrimination in the United States and South Africa. One way is by having an active voice and promoting awareness. One personal way that I can do this is to set up a MySpace page in regards to this issue. Since MySpace is a popular website and is viewed my so many people in this generation it is a great way to get people more aware. I would do this by making a page that is aimed at promoting awareness by talking about what is happening in both South Africa and the United States in regards to discrimination. Another way is to set a website focused specifically on these two issues. There could also be links to programs in which others can be involved in. The internet is such a great way to be able to get involved and help get people involved. An institutional strategy for the United States and South Africa could deal with education and allowing people to get an understanding of the issues and interact with each other to find ways to stop them from occurring. An educational program focused on discrimination and the many forms of it would make a huge difference. The next generation can take what they learn in these classes and apply to the world around them. I personally feel that if people were aware of how mistreated they were then they would be able to change it. Personally, I never knew of how underpaid and mistreated women were until I took a Womens Issues class in the spring of 2008. In this course, I learned of the ways in which women were being treated in society. If other women had this knowledge then they too would want to make a difference and change the way in which they were being treated in the society. I believe that this would be an effective institutional strategy that the United States and South Africa c ould undertake. References Cottrol, R, Diamond, R (2003). Brown V. Board of Education: caste, culture, and the constitution.Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. DiTomaso, N, Post, C (2004). Diversity in the Workforce.Amsterdam, Boston: Elservier. Kirk, G, Okazawa-Rey, M (2006). Womens Lives: Multicultural Perspectives.New York, NY: McGraw-Hills Co.. Magona, Sindiwe (1998). To My Children’s Children. South Africa: David Philip Publishers (Pty) Ltd. Research Papers on Culture and Equity related to African American Studies19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBringing Democracy to AfricaCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is Art

Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century Essay Example

Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century Essay Example Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century Essay Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century Essay Essay Topic: Literature The Inspector starts his enquires with Mr. Birling, who is a prosperous business manufacturer. He is not from the same social class as his wife, Sybil. He is confident but betrays his lack of social graces, we see this when his wife corrects him, Arthur, youre not supposed to say such things We can also see that Mr. Birling is aware of business advantages from the union of the two families. Mr. Birlings business aspirations come into the open when he tells Gerald about his knighthood, theres a fair chance that I might find my way into the next Honours List. Just a knighthood, of course. These are all good examples of how being higher up the social hierarchy in this era was regarded as being extremely important. Mr. Birling also shows us the attitude towards women at the time. His involvement with Eva Smith goes back two years. He employs hundreds of women so is obviously a successful businessman. He sacked her because she asked for a pay rise; he did it without consideration of personal consequences for Eva Smith and refuses to accept responsibility. As his impatience grows we see his true colours, obviously it has nothing whatever to do with the wretched girls suicide. This is a good example of how women in the lower or working class meant nothing to the upper class. He does not seem to be at all bothered about what has happened to this girl and finds it all a complete nuisance. We also see later on that the only reason this was a nuisance is because if it were to get out in the open it would be a great threat to the chance of Mr. Birling getting a knighthood. This once again shows how important climbing the class hierarchy was to people of this era, even more important than a womans life. The next person the Inspector questions is Sheila. Sheila tried an item of clothing on in the shop where Eva worked but it didnt suit her. I caught sight of this girl smiling at Miss Francis and I was absolutely furious. So she went to the manager and said that Eva had been impertinent. Furthermore that Eva must be sacked immediately otherwise she would persuade her mother to shut her account with them. Obviously her mothers account was worth a lot more to the company than one working class girl. She did this out of jealousy, embarrassment and vanity, which we later go on to see is similar to her mother. Afterwards though she feels upset and guilty. This once again shows that the attitudes towards women especially in the lower class were poor ones. Next the Inspector questioned Gerald, Sheilas fianci. He had an affair with Eva, but she had changed her name so he knew her as Daisy Renton. His affair with her gave him sex and a sense of being a hero. This affair is not criticised by Sheilas parents though as in that time this was a thing that higher-class men would often do. He is embarrassed, defensive and looks for ways out of feeling guilty. Gerald suggests, young women ought to be protected against unpleasant and disturbing things which is quiet ironic considering he cheated on Sheila and used Daisy as a prostitute. From the way he treated these two women we can see that he did not have a lot of respect for either of them. This was often the case in this era, men went around doing as they pleased and the women were just seen as second-class citizens who could be treated however the men pleased. Mrs. Birling is the next one to be questioned by the Inspector. Mrs. Birling met Daisy when she came to Mrs. Birlings womens charity asking for help. She needed help, as she was unemployed, homeless and pregnant. Mrs. Birling refuses to help Daisy, she says that she was personally insulted and lied to. Just like Mr. Birling she is angry and refuses responsibility. We see that people in the higher class had the right to decide whether or not the lower class deserved help and whether or no they were telling the truth. Mrs. Birling puts her foot in it firstly when she says, I blame the young man who was the father of the child she was going to have. If, as she said, he didnt belong to her class, and was some drunken young idler, then thats all the more reason why he shouldnt escape. She then goes on to say, hed be entirely responsible and that he ought to be dealt extremely severely. We then go on to see that the man she is talking about is in fact her own son Eric. The I So from the source we can learn that Polly Nicholls murder consisted of extraordinary violence. Inspector ends his enquires with Eric, who got Daisy pregnant. The fact that once more Daisy was used as prostitute, and also used for a mans pleasure and then dropped when he felt like it. He got her pregnant and although he did try to help her afterwards by giving her money other than that he made no real effort to help her. This once again shows how being a lower class woman in this era was just about as low as you could get in the class hierarchy. Afterwards he does realise though what he did was irresponsible and he does feel guilty for it. Like Sheila he also wishes that the others would take responsibility for their parts leading up to the death of Daisy. In conclusion we can see that An Inspector calls tells us a lot about the class hierarchy and attitudes towards women in the begging of the twentieth century. We see that women were treated very badly by men and sometimes even by other women who were in higher classes to themselves. We also see how the higher up you were in the class system the easier it was for you and the easier it was for you to get your own way in matters.

Not a license to murder Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Not a license to murder - Assignment Example serious injury in an individual’s house; in such a case, the victim is justified to use lethal force in defense without any attempt of running to safety. This volume intends to discuss whether such laws have any moral justification. The formal defense of a person uses deadly force against another and goes unpunished is a great crack in the walls of morality in the nation. Although needs deems it necessary for people to have a ground to defend their interests, misinterpretation of the defense law is very dangerous as it consequently interferes with other people’s rights to life. It is a violation of the human right to life to allow use of lethal force even in situations with means of retreat and require minimum force. For instance, if an aggressor comes to and individual home, the law justifies the victim to use deadly force in defense even when they have a chance of escape. The failure of the Florida’s state police was a sign of moral absence and served to show a great weakness in the implementation of the stand your ground legislations. The stand your ground laws are certainly permits of murder as the police failed to arrest the violator despite the aggressor failing to seek the defense of the Stand your ground law. The arrest was not initially make because of the misinformed interpretation of the self-defense law and through that made the laws a defendant of criminal

Stakeholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stakeholders - Essay Example This turbulence is caused by the existence and emergence of different groups of people in the business arena all of whom have interest in the business. The business is therefore endowed with the responsibility of serving the interest of the so called, â€Å"stakeholders† in equal measure. This will ensure that they are all satisfied to enable the business operate profitably (Savage 1991). In dealing with the stakeholders strategic management skills come in handy to ensure the corporate objectives are also met. This report has the obligation of finding the appropriate stakeholder approach and the decisions to be made with regards to the stakeholders for the realization of the organization’s goals. Contents Executive summary I. Introduction II. Preble six step process III. Selection and discussion of two important stakeholders IV. Freeman’s Model Approach V. Conclusion References I. Introduction To catch up with the unstable environment facing many U.S. industries and businesses, business executives are required to efficiently and effectively manage all their stakeholders. Stakeholders is a wide term which is used to refer to those individuals, groups, and other organizations who have an interest in the actions of an organization and who have the ability to influence such actions either to the benefit or detriment of the organization (Post, Preston & Sachs 2002). This integrative approach assumes that an effective organization strategy requires consensus from a plurality of key stakeholders about what it should be doing and how these things should be done for the success of the organization. The case also demonstrates that executives should use an overarching strategy to change relationships with stakeholders from less favorable categories such as non-supportive that may be dangerous to the business; to more favorable ones like the mixed blessing who the business really need (Ravindra, Moray & Tom 2003). II. Preble 6-step Stakeholder Manageme nt Process Model Step 1: Stakeholder Identification Stakeholders can broadly be categorized as either primary or secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are those whose continuing participation is required if an organisation is to survive and prosper (Savage 1991). They include the Shareholders, Investors, employees, customers and suppliers. Secondary stakeholders on the other hand are those who influence or affect, or are affected by, the corporation, but are not engaged in direct transactions with it and are not essential for its survival. They include the media, students and academics, unions, socially responsible investor, special interest groups (experts from social and environmental areas relevant to Nestle) and Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), activist groups, environmental organisations, human rights group. We also have Public stakeholders who provide the firm with infrastructure and legal frameworks in which to operate: Governments, community and recipients of co rporate giving and so forth (Preble 2005). Step 2: general nature of stakeholder claims and power implications We start with ownership where; Shareholders have a financial equity stake in the firm, which gives them voting power, economic power in that they can sell their stake and political power which could be exercised at the company’s annual meeting as in the case of a dissident shareholder (Post, Preston &

Ethics in Health Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics in Health Management - Essay Example b. Ideals: justice, beneficence, receptance, loving kindness and compassion. If the lady is not taken good care of then she might end up succumbing to the illness due to lack of medical care. Living in an untidy house combined with poor feeding might also raise the risks of her being infected by other diseases. Lack of care may make feel ignored and that the family does not recognize her as being one of them. My situation is that of my 89 years old aunt who lives alone and has no other family around her. She lives in a distant town from where I stay, and that makes it hard for me to monitor her condition. I pay her a visit and to my disappointment find her house in a mess and all I do is worry about her wellbeing and security. The other thing that troubles me is that she has a medical condition, and I fear that she might no longer be able to control her diabetic condition, as she may not remember to go for medical check-ups, as it is required for her. In most cases, the elderly have been marginalized hence lacking the needed health care services entitled for the aged. Sometimes funds that are secured to help the aged are withdrawn: citing lack of compliance or self-care (Caroselli, 2003; Metell and Moo, 1998). This is unethical. In this case, I have the obligation of ensuring that she accesses the rightful medical care she deserves, and she stays in a clean organised environment. Despite the fact that she already declined being taken an institution of the aged, it seems that it would be the only rightful thing to do, and would be for her own bosom, because of her medical condition. In the institution, the required level of attention would be given to her, and a medical expert would be available in case her medical condition got worse. She would also have company from age mates, unlike, if she was transferred to a younger persons place, hence she would not get as bored. This has already triggered

Causation and Correlation Essay Example for Free

Causation and Correlation Essay Causation and Correlation Paper The topic I am going to pick is â€Å"Wealthy people are thin†. This could go both ways I am thinking. Wealthy people have the means to stay thin. They have money, resources, and the means to keep there health in check. If you’re poor or not wealthy you basically have to eat or cook what ever is cheap and some healthy foods are not cheap. For these reasons I think the correlation for this topic could be a good one or a bad one, it just depends on what your economic status is and what you can or can’t afford. I think if I had to pick one or the other out of causation and correlation I think this topic is more causation. The reasoning for my selection is that if you are wealthy you have more options to stay thin. So for this being wealthy can cause one to stay thin. Another reason why wealthy people are more able to stay thin over less wealthier people is because like I have mentioned food is expensive and the foods they might need to get you might have to travel or go to special stores. Another way this is causation is because wealthy people can also afford personal trainers or even a gym membership along with weight loss doctors to stay on track. For all these reasons they cause wealthier people to stay thin. Reference: Causation and Correlation in this weeks materials.

Essay --

Classroom Engagement Teaching and Learning Parent or Community Involvement Student Social or Emotional Support Philosopher Socrates Socrates created a method called â€Å"The Socratic Method† that made people think critically and outside the box. This is a method that is being used in education and in everyday life. Socrates educated his students how to think. He pointed out the errors in people’s thoughts and understanding of life and society. Socrates believed that questioning was an excellent way to gain understanding and knowledge. Parents would ask questions until they were answered correctly. By asking questions children will gain knowledge and become more social. Philosopher Plato Plato believed that a teacher must know his/her subject as well as the limit of their knowledge. Plato teachings were based on philosophy. He taught moral philosophy and despised natural philosophy. Plato believed that knowledge had no practice use Plato believed that parents should provide positive models for children so they can imitate. Children will get ideas and imitate as they grow older Plat...

Reasons to wear a seatbelt :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"August 2000, our family of six was on the way to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a wedding. It was a rainy day, and Gregg was not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  familiar with the area. The car hit standing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  water in the high-way, and started hydro-planing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greg lost control of the car. Then, the car went   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  backwards down into a ditch and started sliding on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  its wheels sideways. After sliding for 100 feet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  or so, the car flipped, at least once. After   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  flipping, the car came to rest on its wheels, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the passenger window broke out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the front seat was Gregg, driving, Sarah, in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the middle, and Robyn, on the passenger side. In   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the rear seat was Jeff, behind the driver, Haley,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  in the middle, and Rachel, on the passenger side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EVERYONE was wearing their SEAT BELTS, as is our   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  family habit. EVERYONE walked away from this   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  accident with only bruises. The only blood was   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robyn had small nicks from glass in a couple of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  places on her right arm and right leg.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"After being examined at the ER, we continued on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to the wedding reception. Where, less than 3 hour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  after this accident, Rachel, Jeff, Sarah, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haley were able to dance and have a great time!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If they had not been wearing their seat belts,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  they could have been dead. So Please Buckle Up   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  your Seat Belts every time you get in the car!† (www.geocities.com/gargn6/seatbelts.html?200522).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This woman’s story may not be one that will ever happen to many people, but if it did a seatbelt is one of the only defenses one has against it. A seatbelt is not a new development and seatbelt laws are not new either and refusing to wear a seatbelt is disregard for the law and one’s own safety. Everyone has to wear a seatbelt, no one is picked, and people from celebrities down to a common sixteen-year-old driver have to wear one. No one is exempt from the law and no one should be aloud to break it. It’s not hard to do and shouldn’t be hard to remember because all it takes is a click and even though some have come up with many reasons not to wear them the benefits of wearing a seatbelt outweigh the disadvantages by far.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people may choose not to wear a seatbelt because they don’t understand how and why they work. To begin with seatbelts are the first line of defense one has against an injury in a crash.

No choice to save land for endangered animals Essay

Nowadays, land supply is one of the critical world problems, which is considered carefully before using that limited land. People transform natural landscapes to human landscapes for farmland, housing, and industry, and it makes many serious problems to wildlife species. Especially to endangered animal, they will lose their shelters and face the end of their kinds. However, there is no choice for tremendous requirements of mankind. There are some main reasons to figure that people need to alter natural landscapes more important than to save for endangered animals. Most importantly, due to the world population keeps increase every year, people need more land to support their lives. In this case, housing issue is a very serious problem of almost every nation. For the large number of population, people cannot live in their limited places, and they need to find proper places to live in. For example, houses in cities are so expensive, that some people cannot afford, so they have the alter native of buying another place. Furthermore, land is needed for cultivation. According to urbanizations, farms which close to towns are lost, so it doesn’t have enough farms to produce food for people. Thus, some parts of forests are cut down for productivities of farmlands. These basic needs are unlikely to shorten but grow endlessly. In another point, human ambitions are not only for their living but also for their developments. In contemporary view, every country has their prospective goals to improve industrial factor that lead to use more land. Since industrial countries are rich and powerful, most developing countries are eagerly follow by trying to absorb as many as possible of investments to gain profit by changing investment climate. For instance, Cambodia tries to attract foreign ventures by providing land and reducing some strict conditions such as allowing foreign shareholders to buy up properties and so on. Last but not least, people need to facilitate their lives with tools and equipments. Similarly, light and heavy industry are grown beneficially in every country, and no one is able to restrict the industrial actions. In short, all these points cannot be omitted according to their functions. Human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are really necessary, and people do not have choice to save land for endangered animals.